Soil salinity is a major limitation to crops production in many areas of the world. The present study reports the impact of salt stress on seeds germination, plant growth parameters and leaf ions accumulation in three cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L. . On the other hand, height and weight of all cultivars were less affected by the salt stress. Only at 10 dS m −1 EC, significant reduction in plant height and root length could be found for all three cultivars. Salinity induced a significant increase in Na + , Cl − and proline concentrations, while reduced the accumulation of K + and Ca 2+ in leaves of all the cultivars. Moreover, the tolerance difference between the cultivars was better observed at the lowest levels of salt stress, as reveled in the measurements of K + /Na + ratio and proline content. In conclusion, this study characterizes Akshay-102 as the most tolerant cultivar and establishes the measurements of germination capacity, K + /Na + ratio and proline accumulation as an important features to be explored in programs for selection and/or development of tolerant cultivars which make possible the utilization of waste saline water as well as the cultivation of vast areas of the tropical world affected by salinity.
One hundred bone-ligament-bone complexes were isolated from the cervical spines of 20 fresh-frozen human cadavers and mechanically tested in uniaxial tension. Load-elongation curves representing the structural properties of the complex were obtained, and stiffness, ultimate load, energy at failure, and elongation were determined from the curves. Stress-strain curves representing the mechanical properties of the ligament substance were also obtained, and elastic modulus was determined from these curves. Comparisons were made between anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments and among cervical levels. The cross-sectional area of the anterior ligament was smaller at the C2-C3 level than at subaxial levels. There was a trend toward less stiffness but more energy at failure and greater elastic modulus for the anterior compared with the posterior ligaments at subaxial levels, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Physiochemical changes in sunberry (Physalis minima L.) fruit during growth and ripening. Abstract-Introduction. Physalis minima is a widespread, quick-growing and high fruit-yielding annual herb belonging to the family Solanaceae. However, like many other underutilized fruit-bearing plants, P. minima is poorly studied and its nutritional potential is unknown. Since the edible sunberry is said to be a rich source of vitamin C, we studied the physiochemical changes during its fruit growth and ripening. Materials and methods. The changes in the physiochemical properties, such as pH, total soluble solids, titrable acidity, chlorophylls, carotenoids, carbohydrates (reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total sugars and starch), free amino acids, total proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, ethylene, and respiration and the activities of hydrolytic enzymes (amylase and invertase), antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase), and cell wall-degrading enzymes (cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase), were analyzed in the fruit of sunberry at five sequential stages, viz., the young, premature, mature, preripe and ripe stages. Results and discussion. A gradual increase in the pH and total soluble solids occurred throughout the growth and ripening of sunberry fruit, while its titrable acidity increased up to the preripe stage and thereafter declined. A decreasing trend in the chlorophylls occurred simultaneously with an increase in the quantity of carotenoids. As the sunberry fruit proceeded towards ripening, the amount of its total starch decreased, with a concomitant sharp increase in the quantity of its reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars. An increase in the quantity of free amino acids, proteins and phenols also occurred during the growth and ripening of the fruit, and the quantity of ascorbic acid increased at the mature stage. Moreover, sunberry fruit also exhibits a climacteric behavior with increased ethylene production and rate of respiration. The specific activity of amylase increased throughout the growth period of sunberry, but that of invertase decreased after maturity until ripening. The catalase and peroxidase enzymes showed higher activity, indicating better radical scavenger properties, while cellulase, polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase tended to remain at lower levels. Conclusion. The fruit of P. minima are nutritive and a rich source of sugars, starch, free amino acids, proteins, total phenols and ascorbic acid. They are metabolically active, showing a high specific activity of hydrolyzing and antioxidant enzymes, while the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes is relatively low, indicating a better postharvest storage life. India / Physalis minima / fruit / growth / ripening / developmental stages / physicochemical properties Changements physico-chimiques du fruit de Physalis minima L. pendant sa croissance et sa maturation. Résumé-Introduction. L'espèce Physalis minima est largement répandue ; c'est une plante fruitière herbacée annuelle, de la famille des ...
SUMMARY:Lingual duplication cysts are rare in the pediatric population and exceedingly rare in adults. Imaging is an important part of the evaluation of lingual lesions and is helpful in defining the location and extent for surgical planning. We present a lingual duplication cyst and discuss the imaging findings and radiologic differential diagnosis. Migrational anomalies during fetal life can result in histologically normal tissue that arises in unexpected locations. When these anomalies result in mass lesions, they are called choristomas. Foregut duplication cysts are a form of choristoma in which gastrointestinal or respiratory epithelium is found in a mass arising in the neck or chest. Foregut duplications constitute approximately one-third of gastrointestinal duplication cysts, and they are usually divided into bronchogenic, esophageal, and neurenteric forms. However, foregut duplication cysts will occasionally arise in locations that do not correspond to this classification scheme. For example, 0.3% of enteric duplications occur in the oral cavity.
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