Introduction: Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in newborn babies with respiratory distress reduces requirement for mechanical ventilation thereby decreasing referral to higher centre. In our neonatal unit prior to the use of this intervention, morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory distress was significant which has decreased after we started CPAP in Kartik 2065 (October 2008) including a decrease in referrals to higher centre for ventilator support.The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of bubbling CPAP in newborn babies who had respiratory distress. Methods: Observational study done in neonatal unit of TUTH over a period of 3 months i.e from Kartik to Poush 2065 B.S (mid of October to mid of January,2008) Results: 127 neonates were admitted, of whom 15 babies with respiratory distress (11.8% of total admissions) received CPAP. 11 babies improved, while 4 babies died. Among those attending follow up (8 babies) none had any features of chronic lung disease. Conclusion: In resource poor settings where level II neonatal care is already exists; CPAP can be easily applied for newborn babies with respiratory distress with promising results and it helps to decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality. Key words: CPAP, neonatal mortality, respitatory Distress. DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2465 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 64-68

Objective: This study was undertaken to study physiological and behavioral pain responses of neonates and to assess the analgesic effect of orally administered sucrose as assessed by the behavioral pain rating scale [DAN (Douleur Aiguë du Nouveau-né) score] during venepuncture in neonates. Method: In 50 healthy neonates requiring bilirubin estimation, blood sugar was randomly assigned to receive 2ml of 30% sucrose two minutes before the venepuncture (intervention) in comparison to a group not receiving sucrose (control). During the procedure, pain was assessed by behavioral pain rating scale [Douleur Aiguë Nouveau-né (DAN) scale]. The heart rate, oxygen saturation before, during and after procedure as well as crying time was noted. Results: There was significantly lower pain (DAN) score in the intervention group compared to control group. Median (interquartile) DAN score in the group receiving sucrose was 3 (1.5-5.5) compared to 7 (5-9.5) in control group. The difference in median DAN score between two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). There was a significant increase in heart rate in the control group whereas in group receiving sucrose, no significant change in heart rate was observed. Similarly, oxygen saturation was also significantly reduced in control group when compared to intervention group. Conclusion: The analgesic effect of 30% sucrose was large enough to be clinically significant and can thus be detected by behavioral rating scale for acute pain (DAN). Sucrose reduces the physiological alteration occurring during venipuncture.

Introductions:In most children aged 1-36 months, the cause of a febrile illness is a self limiting viral infection. It is very difficult to distinguish these from serious bacterial infection. Objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of the Yale Observation Scale (YOS) to detect serious bacterial infection in febrile children aged 1-36 months.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of childhood epilepsy that is defined by generalized multiple type seizures, slowness of intellectual growth, and a specific EEG disturbance. Children affected might previously have infantile spasms or underlying brain disorder but etiology can be idiopathic. LGS seizures are often treatment resistant and the long term prognosis is poor. Key words: epilepsy, intellectual growth DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2461Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 50-52