The structure, distribution and composition of the extracellular matrix present around the human oocyte and in the cumulus was examined following fixation in the presence of ruthenium red. An extracellular matrix comprising granules and filaments is present in the cumulus layer, in the corona radiata, in the outer pores of the zona pellucida and in the perivitelline space surrounding unfertilized oocytes. In replicate samples, the extracellular matrix comprised filaments which were mostly very long, occasionally cross-connected by shorter filaments, and usually decorated with numerous small granules. Enzymatic digestion with affinity-purified trypsin or Streptomyces hyaluronidase removes the granules and filaments, respectively, at all levels of the oocyte-cumulus complex. These results are interpreted to mean that protein and hyaluronic acid are present in all extracellular compartments of the human oocyte-cumulus complex. The significance of this distribution of hyaluronic acid with respect to the role of sperm hyaluronidase in fertilization is discussed.