BackgroundAs the evidence based practice (EBP) movement expands, there is a need for health leaders and educators in each country to assess the extent to which health professional students and practitioners are prepared to locate, evaluate, and apply evidence to guide their practice. ObjectiveThe study objective was to explore nurses' and nursing students' perceptions and attitudes towards EBP. MethodThis was a descriptive cross-sectional survey administered to all 273 nurses and nursing students from Nepal who attended an EBP conference. The survey instrument that was used by Majid in Singapore was adapted for use in this study with permission from the author. ResultIn total, 121 nurses participated in the study. The majority (93%) of respondents reported that they had no previous training in EBP. The respondents' perceptions of their EBP knowledge and skills were variable, but most of them demonstrated positive attitudes toward EBP. Respondents identified a number of barriers that limit the implementation of EBP in Nepal. The greatest barriers were lack of time and resources, difficulty understanding research articles and translating the findings to practice, and limited autonomy to change practice based on evidence. ConclusionAlthough respondents had positive attitudes towards EBP, their knowledge and skills were limited and barriers to implementation existed. Nursing faculty can use the findings to guide implementation of EBP into curricula, and nursing administrators and clinicians can use the findings to guide practice to promote EBP. Evidence-based nursing, evidence-based practice, nursing research KEY WORDS

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Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is one of the emerging environment-friendly technologies in vehicular world with improved efficiency but its main issue has been its energy management and supervisory control that ensures best energy distribution. This research analyzes the drive performances of different possible regeneration paths with standard drive cycles through hybrid powertrain model based on quasi-state model of machines. Further, the efficiency map table developed from laboratory test is utilized to estimate efficiency and energy loss in the motor. In this research, 65 kW generator and 110 kW motor of 3000 rpm with an efficiency map are utilized to develop a model in MATLAB. From the simulation result, it has been observed that fuel economy and final state of charge (SOC) of the battery improves when regeneration is done by both machines. The implementation of Rule-Based algorithm indicates that the battery charges only when Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) operates. Keywords hybrid electric vehicle, electric vehicle, internal combustion engine, state of charge, drive cycle

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Introduction: Changes in the lifestyle, food habits, lack of nutritious diet, stress, physical inactivity increases the body mass index among adults. Excess weight gain is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers (endometrial, breast, colon). Thus, this study aims to find out body mass index of medical students of a medical college in Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of physiology of a tertiary care center from August 2019 to February 2020 after taking ethical clearence from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number 192/19). Height and weight were recorded and body mass index was then being calculated. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. Results: Out of 266 medical students, 39 (15%) were overweight and 32 (12%) were underweight with mean body mass index 26.60±1.99kg/m2 and 17.13±1.19kg/m2 respectively. Mean body mass index of males was 21.76±3.06kg/m2 and that of females was 21.70±2.96 kg/m2. Conclusions: Comparing with a similar study done in Nepal previously, we found a higher prevalence of overweight in medical students whereas majority of medical students had normal weight. Factors affecting body mass index in medical students should be explored further.