Background: Diabetes mellitus is a very common endocrinal disorders and incidence of thyroid dysfunction also rising in India and world over. Thyroid hormones directly control insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Diabetes also may affect the thyroid function to variable extent fi rst at the level of hypothalamic control of TSH release and second at peripheral tissue by converting T4 to T3. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out aiming to evaluate thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Material and Methods: Study included total 80 subjects. Thyroid dysfunction was evaluated by investigating the subjects for Total tri-iodo-thyronine (T3), Total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Plasma glucose was estimated by-GOD-POD method and Thyroid profi le was estimated by-CLIA (chemiluminescence immunoassay) system. Statistical analysis was performed using software statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20, unpaired T test, Pearson's correlation. Results: In type 2 diabetic patients the prevalence of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be 4(10.00%) and 6(15.00%) respectively, while the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism was found to be 0(0.0%) and 1(2.5%) respectively. In non diabetic healthy subjects the prevalence of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be 1(2.5%) and 3(7.5%) respectively while the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism was found to be 0(0.0%) and 0(0.0%) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as compared to non-diabetic subjects.

Objective: The present study was conducted aiming to assess endothelial function in sickle cell disease (SS), sickle cell trait(SA) and compare to endothelial dysfunction between sickle cell anemia (SS), sickle cell trait (SA) cases and control (AA) patients to evaluate correlation of endothelial dysfunction. Methods: The study population comprised of, total 25 cases having sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait and 25 age and sex matched normal control. Endothelial dysfunction as assessed by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation by colour Doppler (non-invasive method)by using Siemens Sonoline 500. Statistical analysis was performed using Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, and P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Significant difference were observed in FMD (flow mediated vasodilatation) in case and control group (p<0.05), also significant difference was demonstrated between AS and SS group. Conclusion: The percentage of flow mediated dilatation of vessel is a marker of endothelial function was significantly lower in cases as compared to controls and was also lower in AS & SS when compared to control group & significantly lower in SS group than AS group. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 105-107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9445

Gastric perforation is very rare. Gastric perforation following endoscopic glue injection for gastric varices (GVs) in patients with portal hypertension (PHT) has not been documented till date. They are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a glue injection-induced gastric perforation in patients with PHT that has been treated with primary closure at our institution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of such complication following endoscopic glue injection for GVs. Such site of glue-induced perforation has not been reported in literature till date. A 38-year-old male patient having cirrhosis of liver with PHT underwent repeated upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures for recurrent upper GI bleed. After 20 days of third endoscopic procedure in which he had undergone glue injection for GVs, patient developed abdominal pain and abdominal radiograph was suggestive of bowel perforation. Emergency laparotomy was performed that showed gastric perforation near to glue injection site which was repaired with primary closure at our institution. Complication such as glue injection-induced gastric perforation has not yet been documented. It is potentially life-threatening. Early recognition may lead to a better prognosis through earlier intervention.

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