Aminotransferase assay is often used as a screening test as well as an endpoint for resolution of disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship of transaminase level with metabolic variables and histology in NAFLD. Single center observational study was conducted in a gastroenterology clinic at Cuttack in coastal Odisha. Subjects were consecutive patients presenting with functional bowel disease and undergoing abdominal sonography. All participants were evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance, liver function test and lipid profile. Various parameters were compared between NAFLD subjects and controls. 53.5 % of NAFLD had normal serum transaminases, whereas 20.8 % of healthy controls had transaminitis. NAFLD patients had significantly higher BMI, fasting plasma glucose, serum transaminases, serum triglycerides, serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) IR than controls. NAFLD patients who had transaminitis had significantly higher incidence of MS and higher mean HOMA IR than those without. There was no significant difference in histopathological features between NAFLD with and without transaminitis. To conclude, over half of NAFLD subjects do not have transaminitis while transaminitis is present in a fifth of healthy people without fatty liver. Hence serum transaminase should not be used as screening test for NAFLD. NAFLD patients with transaminitis had a higher incidence of MS and insulin resistance than those without. However, there was no significant difference in histopathological features between these two groups.

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is characterized as a normocytic anemia associated with reticulocytopenia and

Majority of ALD patients and their families had disturbed social and family life and incurred severe financial loss arising of alcohol use.

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Background: Globally cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality with annual death rate of 12%. According Indian Council of Medical Research, more than 1300 Indians die every day due to cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the multimodal approaches for treatment of cancer and regimens are much complex and cancer patients are more susceptible to adverse drug reaction with little tolerance due to diminished immunity. The present study was done to evaluate the prevalence of various adverse drug reactions with different cancer chemotherapy regimens, their nature and severity as well as their causality assessment as per WHO scale.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from July 2015 to June 2016. Patients receiving cancer chemotherapy from regional cancer centre, Cuttack were observed during the study period for the adverse drug reactions. Those ADRs were analysed for causality assessment, severity and preventability.Results: It was observed that after the initiation of chemotherapy, ADRs were observed in 92 (88.46%) patients. Among these 329 observed ADRs, during the study period, female predominance was observed in the age group 51-60yrs. Most common ADRs observed were nausea and vomiting 57 (17.37%), alopecia 46 (13.98%) and neutropenia 38 (11.55%). ADRs were most commonly seen with the haematological systems (37.68%) followed by gastrointestinal system amounting 25.22% of the total ADRs. Platinum Compound (58.35%), followed by antibiotics, antimetabolites, were the most common group of drugs causing different adverse drug reactions. On causality assessment, as per WHO-UMC criteria 68.38% were probable and 31.62% ADRs were possible. Severity assessment showed majority of the ADRs were moderate 228 (69.31%) followed by mild 67 (20.36%) and severe 34 (10.33%). It was observed that majority 212 (64.45%) of the ADRs were not preventable, 72 (21.88%) were definitely preventable and 45 (13.67%) were probably preventable.Conclusions: Cancer chemotherapy has definitely improved the quality of life, but associated ADRs need early diagnosis, prompt management and routine reporting. Thus, pharmacovigilance will definitely reduce morbidity and mortality, so also the financial burden for the patients and society.