Introduction: Fluid cytology plays a pivotal role delineating benign from malignant effusions, tumor staging and diagnosing recurrences. Objectives: To assess the diagnostic utility of cytospin and cell block methods in cytodiagnosis of serous effusions. Material and methods: A total of 240 cases inclusive of 77 pleural and 163 peritoneal effusions were analyzed by cytospin and cell block preparation following conventional smear cytology. Results: Out of 240 cases, 13% were malignant pleural effusion and 14.7% were malignant peritoneal effusion. Cell block diagnosed additional 4% and 2.4% cases of malignant origin in pleural and peritoneal fluid respectively and also aided in ascertain the primary site. Few rare cases such as effusion in synovial sarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma were also diagnosed. Conclusion: Cell block technique aids in cytodiagnosis of malignant effusions but has demerits also, hence both cytospin and cell block should be used as complement.

Although poorly-differentiated tumors show loss of E-cadherin, better-differentiated tumors over-express HER-2/neu protein. Signet ring-cell carcinoma is more likely to exhibit a loss of E-cadherin protein. Targeted therapy toward HER-2/neu in GAC should be considered. Novel therapy to block E-cadherin down-regulation is justified.

We present a case of SRNS in a 5-yr-old boy who had received 3 weeks of daily steroids before referral to our hospital. At presentation the child had urinary tract infection (UTI) which was adequately treated. The child had persistence of proteinuria, even after completing 4 weeks of daily steroids in adequate dose. Secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome were looked for which revealed presence of chronic HBV infection in the patient with a very high viral load. Kidney biopsy was characteristic of MN with predominant IgG,

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