Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis is important in outcome of various congenital anomalies in recent times especially in congenital heart diseases. This study would help in recognising the importance of prenatal diagnosis and in understanding the management of newborns with congenital heart diseases. Aim: To evaluate the impact of prenatal diagnosis on the management and prognosis of infants with congenital heart disease. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of Paediatrics at Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, Maharshtra, India, from January 2018 to January 2021. The study was performed on newborns who were diagnosed with Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) during hospitalisation, in an inborn and outborn unit of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The data recorded for requirement of inotropes, ventilation, arterial blood gas analysis and outcome in the form of survival. The babies were classified into Prenatal ECHO (PNE) group and No Prenatal ECHO Available (NPEA) group, based on availability of prenatal Echocardiogram (ECHO) diagnostic report. CHDs were categorised into critical/major and minor. For the comparison of quantitative variables, Unpaired t-test/Mann- Whitney test was used. For the comparison of qualitative variable, Fisher’s-exact test/Chi-square test was used, as necessary. Results: There were 5000 admissions in the inborn and outborn neonatal unit during the study period, of which 159 cases had a diagnosis of CHDs. The PNE group consisted of 61 neonates who had been diagnosed with CHD and the NPEA group consisted of 67 neonates who were not antenatally diagnosed to have CHD. Ionotropic support needed for PNE group (4.5%) was comparatively lesser than NPEA group (14.3%). Need for ventilation was reduced in PNE group (4.5%) as compared to NPEA group (14.3%). Mean for serum lactate and serum bicarbonate was 3.49±2.58 and 16.24±4.31 in PNE group, whereas, it was 5.08±2.79 and 15.12±4.13 in NPEA group on admission in NICU. In management of critical CHDs, 2/31 (6.5%) babies died in PNE group compared to 11/37 (29.7%) in NPEA group (p-value=0.09). Conclusion: Antenatal diagnosis helps in meticulous management of neonates with congenital heart diseases in terms of fewer requirement of inotropes, need of ventilation and improved management. There was no significant difference in outcome in the form of survival.

Introduction: Bedside echocardiography is an important screening tool for evaluating intravascular volume status and cardiac functions in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). It offers a good image of the heart and is a useful bedside imaging modality and an accurate diagnostic tool.Objectives: To detect the role of echocardiography in PICUs in the management of critical patients.Method: It was a descriptive, observational, prospective case control study in a tertiary care children's hospital from 1 st August 2018 to 31 st July 2019. Critically ill children were admitted from emergency paediatric department or directly from outpatient department; 83 of 100 critically ill PICU children fulfilling study criteria, were included. Initial echocardiogram was done within 48 hours of admission and repeated as and when indicated.Results: During the study period, 100 children were admitted to the PICU, 83% being critical. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was noted in 22.9% and high left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was noted in children with abnormal renal profile, hypertension and hypocalcaemia. Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was significant in the sepsis group of patients and those who had a PICU stay of more than 10 days duration. Isolated LV diastolic dysfunction was found in 88.7%. Abnormal right __________________________________________

Introduction: There is a paucity in the literature of prospective studies on neonatal heart murmurs and their correlation with the diagnostic yield on 2D echocardiography. Objectives:To assess the prevalence of cardiac murmurs in neonates and their significance using 2D Echocardiography/Colour Doppler.

Retinoblastoma is a malignancy of the retina. It is most common intraocular tumor in children. Dominantly inherited disorder frequently found association with defect in RB1 gene. Approximately 40% of patients with retinoblastoma have inherited a germ-line mutation of the RB1 gene found 10% unilaterally while 60% are non-familial. Herewith we present 2 cases of non-familial, unilateral retinoblastoma.