Background: Serum homocysteine levels have been observed to be increased in sickle cell disease (SCD). The biological mechanism of synthesis and regulation of the homocysteine remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to provide an overview of the serum homocysteine level changes and to discuss its significance in SCD. Materials and methods: This meta-analysis is to determine serum homocysteine level changes during SCD and was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines. Without language restrictions, the articles were identified through BioMed, Embase,

India leads the world with the largest number of Diabetic subjects, hence can be called as Diabetic Capital of World. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from insulin insufficiency or function. The researches in past decade have revealed a critical link between metabolic disorders and inflammation which leads to a concept called metaflammation. The linkage of inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively investigated for over a decade. The main objective of the study is to assess inflammatory markers in T2DM subjects by measuring cytokines and acute phase proteins and its comparison with healthy controls. Total 100 subjects were studied which were divided into two groups of 100 of Diabetic cases and 100 Healthy controls after defining proper inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gender wise distribution was also done. FPG, 2H-PG, HbA1C and CRP were estimated on fully automated analyzers while IL-6 was estimated by ELISA. The result had shown that cases have significantly elevated IL-6 and CRP when compared to age and sex matched healthy controls with p<0.0001. FPG, 2H-PG and HbA1c was also significantly elevated in cases as compared to healthy subjects. We had also compared inflammatory and glycemic markers on the basis of gender. We can conclude that in developing countries like India estimation of inflammatory markers along with glycemic markers can predict secondary complications of disease.

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Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is now well established as a major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) impact upon endothelial function by decreasing nitric oxide (NO°) bioavailability. Asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous analog of l -arginine, is able to inhibit the activity of endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), promoting endothelial dysfunction. Prediabetes is characterized by a reduced endotheliumdependent vasodilation and increased ADMA levels. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is strongly associated with micro-and macrovascular diabetic complications. Asymmetric dimethylarginine activity is strongly correlated with CVD in prediabetes. Materials and methods: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive type of study. In total, 815 participants were involved in this study, out of which 250 suffered from type II diabetes and 265 were prediabetic patients. 290 controls were involved from hospital OPD. Biochemical parameters including fasting plasma sugar, postprandial plasma sugar (after 2 hours of 75 g oral glucose), fasting lipid profile (serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol) were done by enzymatic methods. The quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique was used to determine plasma ADMA level by using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The level of ADMA in prediabetes was 0.55 ± 0.11 and of type II diabetes was 0.70 ± 0.14 compared with controls (0.41 ± 0.14). p value was <0.05, which was significant. In the present study, there was a significant increase in serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, TG/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratio compared with those of normal healthy subjects, while HDL was significantly decreased in prediabetic as compared to normal healthy subjects. Conclusion:The current study shows that increased ADMA levels can indicate the risk of CVD in prediabetic stage. Prediabetes people are under risk of CVD and type II diabetes. Individuals who are prediabetic are at risk of CVD and type II diabetes. The evaluation of the ADMA levels may improve the early diagnosis of CVD of prediabetes.