Background: Obesity is a major global problem among children. India has paradox of having both undernutrition and obesity as a major problem. This epidemic of obesity is also affecting rural population. It has both short   and long term adverse health outcome.Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional, observational and questionnaire-based study conducted in urban and rural school going adolescents.Results: 188 subjects (89 rural and 99 urban school) school were enrolled. 17.6%(33), 20.2%(38), 59%(111) and 3.2%(6) children were obese, overweight, normal and underweight respectively. 65.22% of urban males & 62.26% females were either obese or overweight as compared to 15.78% of rural males and 3.92% females (p<0.0001). OR was 17.7 (95% CI of 7.6 to 40.7) in favor of urban residence.  Statistically significant (p<0.05) differences is found in term of annual income of family, frequency of physical training sessions conducted in schools, frequency of restaurant & school canteen food. No statistically significant association was found between two categories (higher BMI & normal BMI) with other factors viz. breakfast before school, liking for fast food, involvement in outdoor sports, operating gadgets during meals and having obese family members.Conclusions: Obesity and overweight is more prevalent in urban adolescent. There is no difference among male and female group. There is tendency of high frequency of obesity and overweight among those adolescents who have higher annual family income, frequency of restaurant and school canteen food and lesser frequency of physical training sessions conducted in schools.

Background: Abnormal nutritional status i.e. underweight, overweight and obesity is increasing rapidly amongst adolescents irrespective of socioeconomic status and geography. This study was carried out to assess prevalence of abnormal nutritional status and common associated morbidities among school going adolescent of rural areas of Vadodara, Gujarat, India.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was done among school going adolescents of rural areas of Vadodara, Gujarat. A predesigned and pretested semi-structured proforma was used to get relevant clinical details of study participants. Total 474 students aged 12-17 years participated in our study.Results: Out of 474 enrolled adolescents, 16.67% were underweight, where as 3.8% and 2.95% were obese and overweight respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were almost similar in both genders. Out of total 16.24% were stunted with predominance in boys compared to girls (p value: 0.039). Hypertension was found in 5.0% of participants with 3 times more prevalent in girls than boys (p value 0.011). Similarly, anemia was affecting both genders equally.Conclusions: Although underweight is a known nutritional problem of adolescents from rural areas, overweight and obesity are also rapidly growing health issues among them now a days. With keeping in mind this increasing burden of abnormal nutritional status and associated morbidities, regular health check-up, education of parents and adolescents on healthy lifestyle and inclusion of adolescents in existing government programmes are essential measures to reduce these problems.

Neurodevelopment of an infant is affected by various factors like birth weight, perinatal events, environmental factors, psychosocial, socioeconomic condition, genetic, racial and nutritional factors, and hypoxic ischemic Encephalopathy following perinatal Asphyxia. Timely and appropriate intervention can modify many of these disabilities.: To assess the neurodevelopmental outcome of high-risk neonates discharged from NICU. 80 Babies, discharged from NICU were followed up to the one year, and their Neurodevelopment assessment was done at 6 and 12 months of age by using DASII. Babies were diagnosed as delayed development if development quotient of &#60; 70% was found. Associated risk factors like birth weight, gestational age at birth, perinatal events and course during NICU stay were analyzed.: Mean DMoQ and DMeQ and overall DQ at 6 month were 81%, 82%, 81.5% and at 12 months of age 85%, 86%and 85.5% respectively. Out of 80 patients, 16(20%) babies had development delay at 6th months and 10(12.5%) at 12 months. 16(20%) babies with delayed development at 6 months had DMoQ 46.2+14.7, DMeQ 42.7 +13.8 and Mean DQ of 44.5 +14.3. 10(12.5%) babies with delayed development at 12 months had DMoQ 65.5+15.5, DMeQ 61.6+16.5 and mean DQ of 63.5 +14.1. 9 out of 10 babies having delayed development at 12 months had birth asphyxia at birth. : We concluded that Incidence of neurodevelopment delay among high-risk infant is significantly high in babies with birth asphyxia, HIE and seizure. An appropriate follow-up program is helpful in early detection of development delay.