Developmental defects of the thyroid gland are very rare. The common developmental abnormalities are ectopic thyroid, hemiagenesis and agenesis of thyroid gland. These developmental defects may or may not be associated with deranged thyroid function tests. Ultrasonography (USG) is the initial modality of choice for thyroid hemiagenesis but further evaluation by computed tomography (CT) scan or nuclear scan should be done to look for ectopic thyroid tissue rest. Here, we report a rare case of a 9-year-old female having hemiagenesis of the right thyroid lobe and isthmus along with dual ectopic thyroid tissue at prehyoid and infrahyoid regions of the neck presenting as a midline neck swelling and subclinical hypothyroidism.

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Ultrasound is cheap, easily available imaging modality which is useful in detection of stent within the biliary tree, dilatation of biliary tree and in assessment of complications after ERCP. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: Our study aims at to statistically assess the diagnostic accuracy and utility of ultrasound in assessment of biliary stent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 221 patients from gastroenterology department were evaluated by ultrasound abdomen examination using Philips HD 11XE ultrasound scanner. Post ERCP clinical details were obtained. X-ray abdomen done in all cases with ERCP is done wherever required. RESULT: In our study we found following measures of diagnostic accuracy in detection of biliary stent. Sensitivity 77.27%, Specificity 94.59%, Accuracy 85.97%, Positive predictive value 93.40%, Negative predictive value 80.76%, Positive likelihood ratio 14.29, Negative likelihood ratio 0.24, Diagnostic odds ratio 59.50. Twenty cases showed biliary dilatation in presence of CBD stent. Out of these 4 cases showed presence of upper end of stent in tumor mass while in rest cases it was in dilated biliary tree. Post ERCP complications were noted in 11 cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound is a reliable, noninvasive, nonradiative imaging modality to assess presence of biliary stent, biliary dilatation in presence of stent and to assess tumor status and post ERCP complications. Hence we recommend the use of follow up ultrasound after ERCP procedure.

OBJECTIVES:Characterization of solid masses and assignment of levels of suspicion for being malignant on color and spectral Doppler and to co-relate the findings with histopathological features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty four patients with breast masses were evaluated with duplex and color Doppler ultrasound. Presence or absence of color flow, number of vessels, their situation and spectral Doppler analysis were performed. Comparison of color Doppler analysis with histopathological findings was done. RESULTS: Color signals were more commonly found in malignant (88%) than benign lesions (38%). Malignant lesions showed more number of vessels as compared to benign. Both central and peripheral vascularity was noted in 14 out of 16 malignant masses and in none of the benign masses. Spectral Doppler analysis did not prove to be helpful in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. CONCLUSION: Color Doppler is helpful in assigning a higher level of suspicion to a lesion for being malignant. Spectral Doppler analysis did not contribute to the differentiation between malignant and benign breast tumors. Therefore despite increased examination time, as an adjunct to B mode sonography, color Doppler evaluation is useful in solid breast masses, especially of indeterminate nature.

Background: Myelopathy is a disease of spinal cord which can lead to significant neurological morbidity. MRI because of better soft tissue differentiation, not only helps in determining the cause of myelopathy but also plays significant role in their management.. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 80 patients in our institute between June 2017 to October 2018. All patients having complaints of pain in the back with sensory or motor dysfunction or both, having suspicion of myelopathy, referred to the department of Radio-diagnosis for MRI spine evaluation. MRI scan performed on 1.5 Tesla PHILIPS ACHIEVA machine, standard surface & body coils were used for acquisition of images. Results: In this study out of 80 patients of myelopathy, 65% were due to cord compression and 35% were due to non compressive causes. Involvement of cervical spine was more common than the thoraco-lumbar spine. Most common condition associated with compression of the cord was Degenerative spine disease followed by Potts spine and trauma. Under the causes of Non compressive myelopathy-Myelitis was the most common cause, which was seen most in Isolated cases followed by associations with Multiple sclerosis and Neuromyelitis optica. Conclusion: MRI is the mainstay modality to diagnose spinal cord pathologies. Degenerative spine disease was the most common cause of compressive myelopathy and Myelitis was the most common cause of Non compressive myelopathy. Early diagnosis using MRI improves the prognosis of myelopathy.