A mono-infection with P. Vivax may lead to severe malaria and this increased virulence has resulted in the changing picture of P. Vivax malaria, leading to a spectrum of complications which are similar to those which are traditionally associated with P. Falciparum.

The purpose of this study was to develop an Attribution of Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities (AREHD) scale. A convenience sample of undergraduate college students (n = 423) at four Midwestern universities was recruited to respond to the survey. A pilot test with undergraduate students (n = 23) found the survey had good acceptability and readability level (SMOG = 11th grade). Using exploratory factor analysis we found the two a priori subscales were confirmed: individual responsibility and social determinants. Internal reliabilities of the subscales were: individual responsibility (alpha = 0.87) and social determinants (alpha = 0.90). Test-retest stability reliabilities were: individual responsibility (r = 0.72) and social determinants (r = 0.69). The AREHD subscales are satisfactory for assessing college student's AREHD.

Background: To study the occurrence of hypocalcaemia in neonates with physiological unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after 48 hours of phototherapy or at the end of phototherapy, in case duration of phototherapy was less than 48 hours.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 100 term neonates (61 males and 39 females) admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit of Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and requiring phototherapy. Total Serum bilirubin levels and serum calcium levels were checked before and after phototherapy. Neonates were assessed for clinical features of hypocalcemia i.e. jitteriness, irritability/excitability, lethargy and convulsions.Results: After phototherapy, there was hypocalcemia in 35.0% neonates. The difference between pre and post phototherapy serum calcium levels were found to be statistically significant (p <0.001). 2.86% of neonates developed jitteriness among those who had hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was more in subjects who received phototherapy for longer duration.Conclusions: Hypocalcaemia is a common complication of phototherapy. Therefore, calcium supplementation should be done in all neonates undergoing phototherapy.

Introduction: Platelets from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes exhibit enhanced platelet aggregation activity early in the disease course that may precede the development of cardiovascular diseases. Both atherosclerosis and thrombosis appear to contribute significantly to the increased cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients. Platelet indices include mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR). This study was undertaken with the aim to find out the differences in platelet indices between diabetics and non-diabetics and also between patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in a tertiary health care centre in North East India. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in Agartala Government Medical College and GB Pant Hospital (AGMC & GBP Hospital). 100 cases and 100 controls were selected from the Diabetes clinic of Medicine out patient department (OPD) and Medicine wards. Platelet indices and HbA 1 C levels of these cases and controls were measured. Platelet indices were measured by a 3-part differential hematology auto-analyzer and HbA 1 C by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Blood glucose levels were estimated by oxidase-peroxidase method. Results: Platelet indices were found to be significantly higher among diabetics compared to non-diabetics and also they were found higher among patients with poor glycemic control with HbA 1 C>7% in comparison to patients with good glycemic control with HbA 1 C<7% (P value <0.05). Conclusions: Platelet indices are significantly increased in diabetics and the extent of increment is more in diabetics with poor glycemic control.