Higher periodontal disease prevalence is found among pregnant women with preeclampsia, with increased percentage of sites with BOP and greater AL. This study provides novel information on host response to systemic inflammation induced by periodontal pathogens through mechanisms involving downregulation of PPAR-γ and increased activation of NF-κB.

An association exists between P. gingivalis and P. intermedia with increased TLR-4 and NF-κB expression in the placenta of pre-eclamptic women with periodontitis.

The CAL showed significant improvement with reduction in the RCM, NF-κB and increase in PPAR-γ levels in subjects who underwent pranayama as an adjunct to SRP. In future, pranayama can be used as an additional treatment modality to provide a new dimension in treatment of periodontitis.

The receptors of the innate immune system have evolved to recognize pathogenic bacteria in a complex manner. Out of these immune receptors, the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll like receptors have gained importance off late to play a key role in the activation of cascade of inflammatory cytokines in pathogenesis of preterm birth. Preterm birth has become leading cause of neonatal deaths globally. The concept of oral infection influencing the occurrence of preterm delivery has gained importance. Translocation of periodontal pathogens and inflammatory mediators play role in the pathogenesis of preterm labour. The transmembrane toll like receptors of innate immunity have been recently implicated in the association of periodontal infection and preterm labour. The TLRs are considered as a key marker and TLR blockade can be a critical method for treating women who are exposed to periodontal pathogens. This review is aimed at discussing the role of TLR in periodontal disease and its relationship with preterm birth.

Treatment of edentulous sites with horizontal atrophy represents a clinical situation in which the positioning of endosseous implants might be complex or sometimes impossible without a staged regenerative approach. This case report presents management of horizontally deficient mandibular anterior ridge with a contemporary approach to treatment planning and application of platelet-rich fibrin membrane for ridge split technique and simultaneous implant placement. Implants in anterior mandibular area are considered to be most predictable, stable, with high success rate and patients' satisfaction with implant esthetics. In contrast to traditional ridge augmentation techniques, ridge splitting allows for immediate implant placement following surgery and eradicates the possible morbidity from a second surgical site.