Stress fractures (i.e., fatigue and insufficiency fractures) of the head of the metatarsal bones occasionally occur. Because of their less recognized appearance on routine radiographs and MR images, they are frequently overlooked.

In Thailand, chronic kidney disease (CKD) screening was reported in 2009 with an overall prevalence of 17.5% and the highest at 22.2% in the northeastern region. This study aimed to find out CKD prevalence of the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria and their related risk factors in the rural community. A population-based study was conducted in the rural sub-districts of northeastern Thailand. Data of socio-demographic status, lifestyle, underlying diseases, blood pressure, and body mass index were recorded. Blood and urine analysis was conducted along with ultrasonography of kidneys. Specimen collection and analyses were repeated after 3 months, and the factors associated with CKD were studied by logistic regression analysis. A total of 2205 participants with a mean age of 57.8 ± 11.7 years and female predominance (66.7%) completed the study. The prevalence of CKD was 26.8%, i.e., stages 1 (7.3%); stage 2 (9.0%); stage 3a (6.0%); stage 3b (2.8%); stage 4 (1.4%); and stage 5 (0.3%). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal stones were the major underlying diseases. Only 3.5% of the participants were aware of having CKD. An increase in age, male, unemployment, current smoking, diabetes, hypertension, underweight, anemia, hyperuricemia, and leukocytosis were significantly associated factors with the disease. The study revealed that CKD has developed as a significant public health problem in rural northeastern Thailand and one out of every four people has CKD. Therefore, early interventions are essential for the proper management and prevention of CKD.

The geometry of the clavicle is influenced by sex and side. Use of PACS as a measurement tool is reliable. Data from this study will be useful for pre-contouring plate or improving future designs of the anatomical plate of the clavicle.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the differences of magnetic resonance features between tuberculous and bacterial pyomyositis. Method: This is a retrospective study of patients with bacterial and tuberculous pyomyositis. We excluded patients with pyomyositis caused by actinomycosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterium, fungi, unknown of causative organism, or inadequate imaging for analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging was independently reviewed by two radiologists. Results: Of the 136 pyomyositis patients, 71 (52.2 %) patients had bacterial pyomyositis while 65 (47.8 %) patients had tuberculous pyomyositis. Seventy-seven patients (56.6 %) had intramuscular abscess. On multivariable analysis, bacterial pyomyositis was associated with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.30-8.24) and bone marrow involvement (OR 5.02, 95 % CI 1.21-34.4). Spinal involvement had a significantly lower likelihood of bacterial pyomyositis (OR 0.25, 95 %CI 0.11-0.54). In patients with intramuscular abscess, diabetes mellitus and hyperintense on T2-weighted images at the abscess wall had a significantly higher likelihood of bacterial pyomyositis (OR 5.21,.71, respectively), whereas spinal involvement had a significantly lower likelihood of bacterial pyomyositis (OR 0.09, 95 %CI 0.02-0.30). Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging has modest accuracy for differentiation of tuberculous and bacterial pyomyositis. Diabetes mellitus and extraspinal pyomyositis were the predictors of bacterial pyomyositis. Presence of T2 hyperintense wall of intramuscular abscess was also the predictor of bacterial pyomyositis.