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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diagnostic nasal endoscopy and CT imaging are both widely used essential diagnostic tools for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study analyses their individual roles in the management of CRS as well as the degree of correlation between the two.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective observational comparative study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur from January, 2017 to June, 2018 on a sample size of 201 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, as per AAOHNS guidelines. DNE and CT PNS were done for all patients enrolled in the study, the findings of each were correlated and their individual sensitivity and specificity for each variable was calculated.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> On Comparing CT findings with diagnostic nasal endoscopic findings, Polyps were seen in 91 patients’ CT scans as opposed to 124 on DNE. B/L Polyps on CT imaging vs bilateral ethmoidal polyps visualized during DNE revealed a highly significant “P” value; whereas for antrochoanal polyps or unilateral polyps there was no significant difference. Maxillary sinus involvement is the most commonly observed finding in CT scan of PNS in CRS while deviated nasal septum is the most common finding on a diagnostic nasal endoscopy, seen in 60.7%. For anatomical variants like concha bullosa and paradoxical middle turbinate, no significant difference was seen.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> CT scans and DNE are both key pre-operative diagnostic tools for patients of CRS and both are complementary to each other in detecting type and extent of pathology.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Pediatric neck masses are a reason for anxiety for both patients and doctor as there can be chances of malignancy. There are few established guidelines for evaluation. The etiology is varied so a thorough knowledge of clinical presentation is essential. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A clinicopathological analysis of 150 cases of neck masses in children upto 12 years of age attending the outpatient clinic between Jan 2015 to June 2016 were included. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Maximum cases of reactive lymphadenopathy were found in our study 81 (20.7%), 23 (14.7%) thyroglossal cyst, 22 (14.7%) suppurative lymphadenopathy, mycobacterial lymphadenitis 20 (13.3%), dermoid cyst 17 (11.3%), branchial cyst 15 (10%), tubercular abscess 10 (6.7%), 3 cases (2%) each of Hodgkins lymphoma, lipoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma were seen. FNAC was conclusive in 140 cases (93.4%). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Percentage wise inflammatory etiology was the commonest (55.4%) followed by congenital (38.6%) and last was neoplastic (6 %). An orderly and sequential approach is needed to manage pediatric masses.</span></p>

The purpose of this study was to identify the patients with vocal cord paresis and palsy and to establish the etiology based on the study performed in a tertiary care centre. The study was done prospectively in the Department of ENT in Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, for 1 year, from September 2020 to August 2021. 50 patients with vocal cord paresis and palsy were identied and examined by using exible or rigid laryngoscopy to make the etiological diagnosis. The etiology of vocal cord immobility was determined by history and complete head and neck examination. Patients in whom no cause was found, a CT scan from base of skull upto thorax was done before labelling them as idiopathic. Most patients presented with complaints of change in voice (92%). Other common presenting complaints included difculty in breathing, difculty in swallowing, vocal fatigue and cough. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (88%) was more common than bilateral paralysis (12%), of which left (58%) was more commonly affected than right (42%) vocal cord because of longer intrathoracic course of left recurrent laryngeal nerve. The most common age group affected was 51–60 years (26%) followed by 61–70 years (18%). Males (60%) were affected more than females (40%) in a ratio of 3:2 and among the affected males 80% were known smokers. The most common cause of vocal cord paresis and palsy was found to be malignancy larynx (36%), followed by idiopathic (28%). Other causes included carcinoma of lung, thyroid and oesophagus, inammatory, traumatic, systemic diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis and Hypertension leading to stroke. Identifying the exact etiopathogenesis of vocal cord paresis and palsy in patients has been a challenge and is very important in order to establish a proper diagnostic and treatment protocol for these patients.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a rising disease that leads to voice changes. This study aimed to assess the potential association between the symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and voice disorders using the Reflux symptom index (RSI) and the Voice handicap index (VHI-10) scales, respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India, from June 2019 to November 2019, on a sample size of 144 patients having complaints related to voice change and laryngopharyngeal reflux. The participants filled the RSI and the VHI-10 questionnaires. RSI scores of &gt;13 and VHI-10 scores of &gt;11 indicated LPR-related symptoms and voice disorders, respectively.</p><p class="abstract">Results: The study included 70 (48.61%) patients who were males and 74 (51.38%) patients who were females. The mean age was 33.5 years. Overall, 89(61.80%) patients had RSI scores of &gt;13 while 102 (70.83%) patients had VHI-10 scores of &gt;11. A significant association was found between positive RSI and VHI-10 scores (p&lt;0.001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant association between RSI and VHI-10 scores reflects an association of laryngopharyngeal reflux with long-standing voice change. RSI and VHI-10 may constitute valuable tools in diagnosing suspected patients with voice change and direct early start of empirical therapy with PPI.</p>