In many parts of the world, the poultry industry has conquered a leading position among all the agricultural and allied sectors. Egg and meat industries have shown terrific improvement due to adoption of modernized management tools and preventive measures to lethal diseases. On the other hand, heat stress has emerged as one of the major constraint for future development of this industry particularly in the hot and humid parts of the world. Since birds are deprived of sweat glands thermoregulation becomes challenging in hot weather. Affected birds become poor producers and huge death in the flock can also be observed in some cases. Therefore, the sole objective of this review is to gather and deliver available scientific reports on heat stress in poultry including its prevention measures.

The study was conducted during 2020-2021 to assess the information sources utilizationpattern of livestock and poultry farmers of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 120 farmers, 40 fromeach group i.e., dairy, piggery and poultry were selected randomly. Semi-structured personalinterview and online survey through google forms were considered together for collectionof data keeping in view the COVID-19 second wave. Information source utilization bymajority of the respondents was medium. ICT utilization among the respondents wasmaximum with mean score of 0.63 followed by mass media with mean score of 0.51 andextension agency contact with mean score of 0.498. Education, land holding and experiencein farming business were found to be significant contributors in information sourceutilization. Except age, all the variables such as education, annual income, land holding,experience in farming business and number of trainings undergone were positively correlatedwith information source utilization of the respondents.

The study was conducted to assess the artificial insemination (AI) and related service delivery by the paravetsof four states (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana and Odisha). Forty paravets were selected from each state makingthe total sample size of 160. Questionnaire through e-mail and telephonic survey were the methods considered forcollection of data. Various services related to AI, viz. number of AI/month, number of pregnancy diagnosis (PD)/month, average distance travelled/day, etc. were studied along with the input availability for AI. The average AIdone/month was 145 which was comparatively higher than the average number of pregnancy diagnosis/month i.e.116.5. Significant differences were also observed among the states, in case of number of AI/month and pregnancydiagnosis. Though most of the inputs were readily available to them for AI such as cryocan, AI gun, semen straw,LN2 and gloves but some of the critical inputs, viz. vehicles, waterbaths, thermometer, apron, gum-boots andcrystoscope were inadequate. The average distance/day covered by them while providing doorstep services was16.3 km but none of the respondents was provided vehicles for it. Regression analysis of various socio-personalvariables, viz. age, gender, education, job experience, annual income and number of trainings undergone on average number of AI/ month depicted that these variables together were significantly contributing to 51.8% variability in dependent variable. From the different variables, age, annual income and number of trainings undergone were the significant contributors in average number of AI service delivery per month. By seeing the results pertaining to inputs availability, it is advisable to ensure the availability of adequate vehicles, and other inputs by State Animal Husbandry Departments and to take efforts in reducing the gap between the number of AI done and pregnancy diagnosis conducted through proper monitoring to improve the effectiveness of AI. Further refresher training of the paravets on regular basis needs to be ensured to update their knowledge and skills.

production of 109.5 MT per year (Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, 2015). According to Singh (2019), only 56.19 percent of the organic waste gets utilized in the rural areas for which the major deterrent for less utilization was low level of knowledge regarding organic waste management among respondents. Therefore, knowledge have direct impact on the utilization of organic waste.

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