BackgroundSuprascapular nerve (SSN) block is a useful tool for pain control of different chronic shoulder pain syndromes. If the short‐term effect of nerve block using local anesthetics is not sufficient, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) neuromodulation of the SSN may provide long‐term pain relief.Aim of InvestigationThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ultrasonography‐guided PRF of the SSN for management of chronic shoulder pain.Subjects and MethodThirty patients with chronic shoulder pain underwent diagnostic ultrasonography‐guided SSN block. After confirmation of positive results (>50% pain relief) via diagnostic testing, PRF of the SSN was performed in 27 patients, followed by application of dexamethasone; however, 2 patients had negative results with diagnostic block and 1 patient dropped out after positive results with diagnostic block. Pain was recorded using the VAS, and active range of motion of the affected shoulder was measured by goniometry (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation). Assessments were done on day 0 and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks.Statistical TestOne‐way analysis of variance testing.ResultsThe VAS score decreased significantly (P < 0.05) immediately after injection, and pain reduction was sustained for up to 24 weeks. Active range of motion in all directions also increased significantly (P < 0.5) after the procedure.ConclusionPRF of the SSN under ultrasonography guidance is a safe and effective treatment modality for management of chronic shoulder pain. The effect of a combination of PRF and a short‐acting corticosteroid lasts up to 24 weeks, thereby assisting patients in undergoing relatively painless physiotherapy.

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The aim of the present study is to formulate tenofovir loaded gelatin nanoparticles by two step desolvation method for targeted release of drug by varying the concentration of polymer and cross-linking agent. Entrapment efficiency for all the formulations was found to be within 67.32 ± 1.24 % to 92.11 ± 1.13 %. Average particle size of different tenofovir loaded gelatin nanoparticle formulations was found within the range of 294.9 -445.3 nm. In-vitro drug release study for glutaraldehyde cross linked gelatin nanoparticles were found between 67.09 % ± 1.423 -82.41 % ± 1.874 after 8 h of dissolution. F5 (850 mg gelatin, 0.2 ml glutaraldehyde) was considered as the best formulation based on the entrapment efficiency and drug release from nanoparticle core. Kinetics study was performed for all the formulations and best fit model for drug release was determined depending on R squared values. HPMC K15M was used as a bioadhesive polymer as well as a gelling agent. Three different gel formulations were prepared by varying concentration of HPMC K15M and incorporated with the best formulation, F5. Membrane permeation and bio-adhesion study revealed F5B gel (5% HPMC K15M) as an optimum formulation with suitable bioadhesive strength and membrane permeability.