The most important infectious causes of FUO in our study were EBV infection and VL. Kawasaki disease represented a significant cause of FUO at the beginning of our study because it was not recognized by primary-care physicians. We report myelodysplastic syndrome as another emerging cause of paediatric FUO. Repeated clinical examination and careful use of specific laboratory examinations, invasive diagnostic procedures or imaging are crucial in approaching paediatric FUO.

Aim: We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the causes and outcome in children with fever of unknown origin (FUO). Methods: From 1990 to 1999, 185 children with FUO were evaluated. Initial evaluation included routine haematological analysis, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) serology, urine, stool or blood cultures, chest X‐ray and tuberculin probe. Results: In 131 (70%) patients diagnosis was established, and 70 (37.8%) had infectious disease. EBV infection was the most common infection followed by visceral leishmaniasis (VL), urinary tract infection (UTI) and tuberculosis. Autoimmune disorders were diagnosed in 24 (12.9%), Kawasaki disease in 12 (6.4%), malignant diseases in 12 (6.4%) and miscellaneous conditions in 15 (8.1%) patients. In the remaining 54 (30%) patients, diagnosis was not established and most of them had self‐limited disease. During the investigation, 26 (14%) patients developed serious organ dysfunction and five patients (two with virus‐associated haemophagocytic syndrome, one with VL and two unknown) died. Conclusion: The most important infectious causes of FUO in our study were EBV infection and VL. Kawasaki disease represented a significant cause of FUO at the beginning of our study because it was not recognized by primary‐care physicians. We report myelodysplastic syndrome as another emerging cause of paediatric FUO. Repeated clinical examination and careful use of specific laboratory examinations, invasive diagnostic procedures or imaging are crucial in approaching paediatric FUO.

Abstract. Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare disease characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells and deposition of thickened fibrous tissues. The present study presents the case of a 53-year-old patient treated for generalized weakness and fatigue for 1 year prior to hospitalization. A cardiac ultrasound revealed pericardial effusion that required pericardiocentesis, during which 1,400 ml serous fluid with the characteristics of an exudate was aspirated. A pericardiectomy was performed due to persistent effusion and histological examination indicated pericardial fibrosis. A thoracic-abdominal computed tomography scan revealed the presence of retroperitoneal fibrosis. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and azathioprine. Follow-up examinations showed a significant reduction in the amount of abdominal fibrous tissue and no increase in pericardial effusion 1 year following the end of treatment. The patient continues to have regular follow-up control examinations with a cardiologist and nephrologist.

Additional assessment of CFR by TDE increase diagnostic accuracy of MSCT angiography in detection of significant coronary artery lesions.

During this period there were 26,851 cases of salmonellosis (mean annual incidence of 51.1/100,000 and mean annual mortality of 0.9/100,000). Mean annual case fatality ratio during this period was 0.1%. The specific incidence was highest in 12-24 month-old children (251/100,000), and lowest in the oldest age group (13.9/100,000). Lethality was highest in children younger than 1 year, and persons older than 50 years (84%). The number of cases registered in food-born epidemics makes 41.7% of all registered cases. A mayority of 772 registered epidemics were small epidemics among families, relatives and friends. The great epidemics with large number of infected persons were due to an industrial bakery with 1713 ill persons and a public restaurant with 311 ill persons during the 80's. An epidemic was due to sandwiches from an industrial bakery distributed through the whole territory of Vojvodina with the highest incidence of salmonellosis in 1987 (137.7/100,000). The most common serotype was S. Enteritidis (69.7%), but 68 more serotypes were isolated. The most common cause of epidemics were eggs and egg products (76.2%). Salmonella spp. was isolated from food in small number of epidemics (less than 20%), because epidemics were discovered usually 2 or 3 days after their beginning.