The present work deals with the optimization of micro-WEDM process parameters for machining Ti49.4-Ni50.6 shape memory alloy (SMA) for orthopedic implant application. Effect of micro-WEDM parameters viz. Gap voltage, capacitance, wire feed and wire tension on the response variables such as material removal rate, surface roughness, kerf width and dimensional deviation is determined. As Ti-Ni SMA has fascinating properties and bio-compatibility, have been considered for present work. Nine experiments have been performed on micro-WEDM based on an orthogonal array of Taguchi method. Subsequently, the grey relational analysis (GRA) method is applied to determine an optimal set of process parameters. It is observed that optimized set of parameters A3B3C3D1 viz. 140 V gap voltage, 0.4 µF capacitance, wire feed 30 µm/sec and 30% of wire tension determined by using GRA offers maximum MRR and minimum SR, KW and DD. From the Analysis of Variance, it is seen that the process parameter capacitance is the most significant parameter for multi-response optimization with a percentage contribution of 77.91%. Young’s modulus also checked for biocompatibility. Also, SEM images are taken to confirm the results offering better surface quality. Heat treatment process like annealing is found to be the most suitable to recover shape memory effect of WEDMed samples.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

This article reviews the demands of innovative material and the best refrigeration cycle to dissipate heat in airplane cabin. The suitable materials of excellent mechanical properties are used for aircraft applications that makes the aircraft to live longer, stay safe, reliable, and durable. Airplane is a special type of aircraft. The helicopter, and hot air balloon are aircrafts, but airplane is special type of aircraft which is weighing its body and it can be controlled and powered. Refrigeration in airplane, does not so far involve the use of any techniques which have not already established and used in other fields but of prime importance for comfort of occupants. The analysis for aircraft materials is briefly described with its significance. The material production is going to be innovated in various countries across the globe and among all the countries Russia is on top level for better using materials for aircraft production. The material used for aircraft production must be light, and efficient. It should not be affected by any impurities. This paper also gives the merits and demerits of such material and their sustainability. The motive of this review is to describe, briefly properties of materials for aircraft, and air conditioning technologies that best suited system for aircraft to dissipate heat.