Aesculus L. is a genus of 12 to 19 woody species, representing one of the most acclaimed examples of inter-continental incoherence of the plants native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is traditionally valued in Ayurveda and the Chinese system of medicine for its various species that possess antitumor, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Current studies on this genus have revealed the presence of specific saponins with a multi-spectrum of pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications. A repertoire of literature related to the biological, taxonomical, phytochemical and ethnopharmacological aspects of Aesculus genus and its uses in different indigenous populations was explored. An inventory of all the species of this genus that were found to be useful as per ethnopharmacological literature was prepared. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the individual species are outlined in this review. The extensive information cited here has adduced the likely areas where the important species of this genus can illustrate significant therapeutic intervention in the management of chronic disorders including diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and cancer. The wide range of its pharmacological actions is attributed to the distinct phytochemicals occurring in the species, especially the triterpenoidal saponins like aescin. This review amplifies the recent studies on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects, which alludes that these species have noteworthy therapeutic potential.
Hippophae salicifolia D. Don, belonging to Elaeagnaceae family, exhibits dioecy and is extensively used for multipurpose due to its medicinal and nutraceutical potential. Although several research works have been carried out on the plant, no information is available regarding the impact of its dioecious nature on its phytochemicals and subsequent pharmacological properties. The present study is aimed at development of a high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method that is specific and reliable for the estimation of a marker compound gallic acid in both female and male counterparts of this dioecious plant, thus evaluating gender impact on chemical profile of the plant. For each sample, an ethyl acetate fraction of the hydrolyzed hydroalcoholic extract of H. salicifolia was prepared and applied on pre-coated plates of silica gel G 60F 254 . After developing the plate in the solvent system, toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (5:4:1, v/v/v), the identification and estimation was carried out by densitometric scanning at 270 nm. The presence of gallic acid was confirmed by UV overlay of the spot resolving in test tracks with that of reference standard. The results suggested quantitative variation of the marker compound in female and male plants, indicating a clear gender bias. The proposed validated HPTLC method is simple, yet specific and accurate and would contribute to the quality assessment of H. salicifolia.
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