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Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgery performed in pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Pain and vomiting being the usual morbidity following this surgery. Aim & Objective: To compare the efficacy of infiltration of Bupivacaine versus dexamethasone into the tonsillar fossa in postoperative pain and vomiting. Methods: A total of 100 patients, aged 10-30 years of both sexes with chronic tonsillitis accrued into the study. They were divided in to two groups A and B. Group A was infiltrated with 0.5% bupivacaine (1mg/kg body weight) locally and Group B with dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg bodyweight) locally into the tonsillar bed. All patients underwent tonsillectomy by dissection/snare technique, bleeding was controlled by applying local pressure, and by ligatures, thereby avoiding cauterization. Post tonsillectomy pain assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), nausea and vomiting by absence/presence was compared between both groups. Results: In Bupivacaine group (A), 86% patients observed analgesic effect by the 1 st postoperative hour and by 6 th hour all had complete analgesia. In dexamethasone group (B) the analgesic effect started by 12 th hour and by 48 th hour in all patients (p<0.001). Post-operative occurrence of nausea and vomiting in bupivacaine group (A) was 76% and 30% respectively. However, in dexamethasone group (B), the nausea and vomiting was observed in 10% respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that 0.5% bupivacaine reduces immediate post-operative pain significantly as compared to dexamethasone and dexamethasone reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting significantly as compared to 0.5% bupivacaine. There were no adverse reactions or complications due to the additional surgical intervention in both the groups.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">The lack of anterior support for the graft frequently leads to graft failure if an underlay method is used whereas anterior blunting is a complication of overlay techniques in the anteriorly located tympanic membrane perforations</span><span lang="EN-IN">. The objective of the study was </span><span lang="EN-GB">to evaluate the correct surgical technique for the reconstruction of anterior tympanic membrane perforation.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">Our prospective study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2013. This study included 39 patients of either sex, 17-56 years of age groups, at Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences Narketpally, Nalgonda district, Telangana state. Our surgical experience with a) Simplified underlay technique-in small perforations having healthy remnant in10 patients. b) Button hole and slitting the graft- in thin atrophic ring anteriorly in 25 patients. c) Gerlach’ quilting procedure- in inadequate anterior rim in 3 patients and d) Kerr flap-in only anterior rim annulus in 1 patient</span><span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">All these methods gave 91.96% closure rate, a mean auditory threshold gain of 8.5 dB was achieved at the frequencies tested</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">Here we describe and promote the various techniques of placing grafts in anterior perforations of tympanic membrane, thereby attaining the aforementioned benefits and reducing the incidence of complications</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The aims of the study were to assess the patency rate of endoscopic (ED DCR) using a technique similar to that described by McDonogh and Meiring but without the use of nasolacrimal silicone stents. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Endonasal dacryocysto-rhinostomies (ED DCRs) were performed without the use of silicone stents in 46 patients (20 male, 26 female). These patients were followed up for an average of eight months.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The procedure was successful in 86.95% of cases as measured by patient’s relief of symptoms and endoscopic visualization of a middle meatal ostium draining the lacrimal sac. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In our study ED DCR without stents had less complications and also a success rate of 86.95% achieved when compared with DCR with stents.</span></p>