Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.

No abstract

No abstract

The article describes the use of aromatherapy for achieving excellence in sports and fi tness. Aromatherapy is the science of holistic approach for taking care of the body and mind using pleasant smelling of botanical oils. It has been extensively studied and found to be one of the fastest growing areas of alternative medicine. There have been numerous studies showing different plant oils' synergistic effects on body and mind energy facilitating excellence in sports and fi tness. Most of the fi ndings of these studies have found their way into various aromatherapy products and services. There are well over a hundred different natural essential oils having antiseptic, anti-infl ammatory, pain relieving, antidepressant and even expectorant properties. The application of these oils not only helps to prevent and cure sports injuries but also to stimulate and relax the mind and body leading to higher fi tness levels. Because of these inherent properties of essential oils, there is a growing interest in using them in toning up the body and mind in a variety of ways, viz. muscle preparation, musculo-skeletal, injury prevention, as sports medicine and an agent for uplifting sports psychology for achieving highest success rate in sports and fi tness. Therefore, essential oils have a role in preparing the body and mind for optimum sports performance as well as postexertion recovery. They can be used as an aid to make the recovery faster by reducing the effect of fatigue and uplifting mind and body energy level. That is why essential oil therapy is now being recognised as a valuable therapy to enhance performance in sports and fi tness. on 30 April 2019 by guest. Protected by copyright.

No abstract