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5G has the potential to become the future communication technology as it has the capability to provide faster download speeds, extremely low latency, and higher capacity. The deployment of 5G will be as a wi-fi that will cover the entire globe. It will serve an elevated number of devices than the previous technology; therefore, the distribution of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) will grow rapidly. Although no direct adverse effect has been reported by the service providers, the real health impact of this advanced technology is still under investigation. It is expected that the mm-wave frequency range (30-300 GHz) is ideal for 5G technology, and the devices, in this operating range, will work at very low power due to which small penetration is supposed to occur, but it will require a high density of small cells. It will increase the chances of human exposure to RF-EMF. In this chapter, a theoretical framework is used to describe the effect of 5G technology on humans and animals and also the rumors related to the adaptation of 5G technology.

In this work, physical layer impairments and their impacts on transparent optical networks is studied. Among the impairments we mainly focused on in band crosstalk and try to incorporate its effect in the DWDM process. BER due to component crosstalk in a WDM receiver has been studied and computed results are shown by simulation as a function of number of interfering channel. A new design is developed for efficient data path provisioning with guaranteed QoT in terms of BER. This design is particularly very useful for high speed WDM/DWDM networks where, these impairments are high. The result shows that our crosstalk aware design reduces network blocking probability, utilizes network resources and give better quality of transmission as comparison to impairment unaware design.

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