The article analyzes the development policy, agenda sources, policy formation, implementation, and evaluation process of Nepal. The description of policy agendas, role of the National Planning Commission (PSC) as development policy agency, trend of planned development approach in Nepal its review target achievements and discussion of identified problems of development plans are also the contents of the article. It further explains the explored problems and ideas to solve them in a complete development policy process Nepal. The article examines the level of social justice analyzing whole development policy process of Nepal along with the interpretation of policy agency through the lance of power sharing based on thematic analysis of data. The article has concluded that the current development policy process is centralized, top-down and elite dominated in a old tendency which is not compatible process to federal structure of Nepal. The reformation of this old tendency through inclusive, bottom-up approach and deconstruction of centralization with insurance of multi-dimensional meaningful participation and ownership development to the concerned stakeholders in all levels is the way of solution. The reformation is necessary in both policy agency institutional structure and policy process of development, such as:, agenda setting, situation analysis, alternative selection, policy adoption, and implementation with due monitoring and evaluation process for the bright future of Nepali peoples.

The military diplomacy has increasingly occupied a wider space in Nepal-India bilateral ties. It has been an effective soft power instrument to convey the message of alive relationship, to bond the ties stronger and to revive the strained relationships. Today, it has got a central place of political as well as public concern. Such glorious history of military diplomacy begins after the challenging official visit of Chief of Army Staff (CoAS) of Nepal to India in 2016 and successful role to revive the severely ruined Nepal-India relationships by ending the unofficial blockade of India imposed to Nepal. Later, it has been recertified considering the Indian Army (IA) Chief’s visit to Nepal in 2020 as an icebreaker visit to reset soured bilateral relationship between two immediate neighbors developed after a bitter boarder row dispute in Kalapani-Lipulekh-Limpiyadhura area. These instances produce a new sequence, value and significance of military diplomacy in contemporary Nepal-India ties and raise a question. Why and how the military diplomacy as a soft power strategy is a constructive and useful in diplomatic relation of two democratic states Nepal and India in the twenty-first century. This study answers this question through the secondary data interpretation observed in practices of military diplomacy employed between two states and analyses of them by linking to the concept of soft power thematically in qualitative style. For this, Indian unofficial blockade imposed upon Nepal and Kalapani-Lipulekh-Limpiyadhura territorial border dispute started since 2019 are two major issues of study. The study finds, the issue of economic blockade and boarder row produced during 2015-2021 are the main factors which shifted the Nepal-India ties into a new paradigm, expanded the role of military diplomacy in new heights and developed a new public trust upon the military performance as a soft power in diplomatic realm. To present this idea, the writing contains contextual and conceptual operations of military diplomacy, soft-power and realism in first part, detail account of practice of military diplomacy in middle part, and conclusion in last part.

The class and identity, these two factors have become major driving forces of contemporary Nepali politics. Class politics related to left political spectrum is defined as broader than identity politics. Broadly, it is believed that the left politics can support many identity question; so, identity politics can be packaged within the class politics as well. However, the contemporary Nepali politics is not in this frame where the long history of left politics is. Now, the communist party is ruling party and parallel to it the identity politics is raising in a new speed positioning as third largest political power.It has made the discourse of identity politics as an attractive agenda of discourse in Nepal. The article is completely about this new discourse of identity politics in Nepal with comparative analysis with class-based politics, its outlook and action upon identity in burning politics of Nepal. The discussion of the article isbased on the position of political parties secured in federal parliament through election, raise of the identity politics and its political agendas with some contents of class.

Tribhuvan University (TU), a leading institution of higher education in Nepal covers 83 percent educational enrolment for higher-level education. It has been implementing inclusive policy since 2009 in order to mitigate inequality in composition of higher education governance. The main assumption of the policy action of inclusion is to increase the participation of excluded groups to maintain proportional equilibrium to privileged groups. Is the policy practice working as its assumption? This study has explored the answer of this question. The result shows that the increasing participation status of women, Indigenous Nationalities and Dalit. It has justified the relevancy of continuity of inclusive policy practice. However, the participation of two privileged groups i) Bahun and Chhetri and ii) Newar is not found remarkable decreased. To present the concluding result the article has contained about higher education governance and TU’s inclusive policy legal provision in introduction. After that, it has included the result, discussion and conclusion interpreting comparative data presentation of policy parget groups’ pre and post policy practice participation status.