Abstract. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nation (FAO), there is a demand of increasing 70 % of food production to sustain 2.3 billion people by the year of 2050. This shows the need of rapid growth of agriculture applications to improve the food production worldwide. It's an undeniable truth that pesticides induced major role in the economic production. Notwithstanding the beneficial effects of pesticides, the negative impacts on human health, environment quality have well documented worldwide and raise the concerns to the health hazard globally. Pesticides need to be closely regulated for quality control monitoring on fruits, vegetables and water resources for safety purposes. European Regulation 396/2005 and amendments were established on the amount of maximum quantities of pesticide residues permitted in products of animal or vegetable for human or animal consumption. Phytoremediation technology using aquatic plants acts as cost effective alternative over conventional technologies to remove harmful heavy metals, organic and inorganic pollutants from various water bodies. To best of our knowledge, there is little or no data are available on the effectiveness of aquatic plants for the phytoremediation of pesticides. Therefore, in this review paper, the main focus is to study the effectiveness of aquatic plant factors in removal of pesticides from water sources and to provide insight for the future development.

According to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), most of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) known as genotoxic human carcinogen and mutagenic. PAHs represent as poorly degradable pollutants that exist in soils, sediments, surface water and atmosphere. A simple, rapid and sensitive extraction method termed modified Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) using green solvent was developed to determine PAHs in vegetable samples namely radish, cabbage and cucumber prior to Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). The extraction method is based on replacing chlorinated organic extraction solvent in the conventional DLLME with low toxic solvent, 1-bromo-3-methylbutane without using dispersive solvent. Several experimental factors such as type and volume of extraction solvents, extraction time, confirmation of 12 PAHs by GC-MS, recovery percentages on vegetable samples and the comparative analysis with conventional DLLME were carried out. Both DLLME were successfully extracted 12 types of PAHs. In modified DLLME, the recoveries of the analytes obtained were in a range of 72.72 -88.07 % with RSD value below 7.5 % which is comparable to the conventional DLLME. The use of microliter of low toxic extraction solvent without addition of dispersive solvent caused the method is economic and environmental friendly which is fulfill the current requirement, green chemistry based analytical method.Keywords: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, modified dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, gas chromatography flame ionization detection Abstrak Menurut agensi antarabangsa bagi penyelidikan kanser (IARC), kebanyakan Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAHs) dikenali sebagai karsinogen genotoksik terhadap manusia dan mutagen. PAHs mewakili sebagai pencemar degradasi rendah yang wujud dalam tanah, enapan, air permukaan dan atmosfera. Satu kaedah pengekstrakan yang mudah, pantas dan sensitif yang digelar sebagai pengekstrakan mikro cecair -cecair serakan (DLLME) yang terubahsuai dengan pelarut hijau telah dibangunkan bagi penentuan PAHs dalam sampel sayur -sayuran iaitu lobak, kubis dan timun sebelum diukur menggunakan gas kromatografipengesan nyala pengionan (GC-FID). Kaedah pengekstrakan ini adalah berdasarkan penggantian pelarut pengekstrakan organik berklorin di dalam DLLME konvensional dengan pelarut rendah toksik, 1-bromo-3-metilbutana tanpa menggunakan pelarut penyebar. Beberapa factor eksperimen seperti jenis dan isipadu pelarut pengekstrakan, masa pengekstrakan, pengesahan 12

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