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Digital watermarking is one of the most efficient techniques to provide the highest secureness to the transmission of data like images or videos over the internet. Quite over the medical data which incorporates the EHR (Electronic Health Record) and medical images and conjointly the military data are crucial whose protection and privacy is extremely a lot of essential issues. To secure this data, the Digital watermarking plays a major role so that it will guarantee authentication, integrity, confidentiality and reliability. In the case of medical images, even a small change or modifications are strictly prohibited as it might lead to the incorrect diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, securing medical image is extremely essential. So as to provide high security for each patient’s data and also the various medical scanning images, we can employ the Digital Water Marking (DWM) technique. The DWM technique may be implemented in two ways: Spatial domain technique and Frequency domain technique. Although the spatial implementation is extremely straightforward and a very simple method, most of the implementations are done using frequency or transform/remodel domain strategies since it provides additional details and high effectiveness. The DWM may be implemented using numerous transform/remodel techniques like Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), also with the combination of these remodel techniques. Nowadays the work is also extended using a combination of transforming/remodel and spatial domain techniques. In this article the Digital Water Marking is being implemented by employing a combination of a transform technique DWT and a spatial domain technique SVD to provide security to the medical images and also the system efficiency is checked for numerous attacks.

Development of post-processing algorithms which cannot be detected by forensic tools is an active area of research in image processing. Median Filter (MF) is one among the denoising schemes which is specifically targeted by the forensic toolsbecause of its wide application in commercial raster graphic editors, simplicity, fast computation and detail preserving characteristics. Methodsbased on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Variational Deconvolution (VD), meant for reducing the forensic detectability of MF by removing the traces of filtering from the output images are computationally intense. A simple and computationally feasible approach for removing the traces of median filtering from the output images, thereby to reduce the forensic detectability of MF is proposed in this paper. In the proposed approach, blurred edges in the output of MF are restored with the help of Unsharp Masking (UM). Optimum value of the amount which controls the degree of sharpening in the UM algorithm is determined via minimum error sense criterion by making use of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) between input and processed images as objective function. Values of PSNR and Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) between input and output images exhibited by the proposed algorithm are found to be higher than those exhibited by methods based on CNN, VD and combined framework of VD and Total Variation (TV) minimisation.

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People are using biodiesel in compression ignition engines because it is more environmentally friendly and can be used as a good alternative to diesel. There is a new technology called nanoparticles that can change the way a fuel works. Because waste cooking has a lot of oil in it, it can make biodiesel. To make biodiesel, transesterification was used to turn nonedible oil from waste cooking oil into biodiesel that could be used. Nanoparticles made of titanium oxide were studied by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, as well as energy dispersive X-ray analysis, among other things. TiO2 nanoparticles are spread out in different amounts in the biodiesel blend. The dosage levels range from 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Tests on how titanium nanoparticles in a waste cooking oil biodiesel blend affect a diesel engine’s performance and how it emits were conducted in this study too. At a steady speed, the engine was used when there was a lot of work to do. Tests show that the WCOME 20 TiO2 100 ppm blend worked well. With the increase in the concentration of nanoparticles, there is an increase in brake thermal efficiency and at the same time, there is a decrease in BSFC. It is also less harmful to the environment than other blends, except for NOx, which does no’t change.