The kidney is especially a susceptible organ to toxic injuries by drugs and toxin, because of a high blood supply and the presence of cellular transport systems that cause accumulation of these compounds within the nephron epithelial cells. Glomerular, tubular and interstitial cells frequently encounter significant concentrations of medications and their metabolites, which can induce changes in kidney function and structure. Renal toxicity can be a result of hemodynamic changes, direct injury to cells and tissue, inflammatory tissue injury and/or obstruction of renal excretion.Gentamicin is potent broad spectrum antibiotic therapeutic agent used in a number of infective conditions. Because of the obvious mediation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Gentamicin induced renal damage. Several antioxidant agents have been used to block Gentamicin nephrotoxicity.There is a proven converse relationship between the consumption of antioxidant rich plants incidence of human diseases. A primary goal of this study is to present the scientific evidence for the use of common herb Adhatoda zeylanica as supplementary in the gentamicin treated acute renal failure (ARF) subjects. The beneficial effect of A. Zeylanica against gentamicin nephrotoxicity, possibly depends on its ability to scavenge the gentamicin induced free radicals.This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the extract improved with the polarity of the solvents over a period of 10 days and the plant has the potential to ameliorate Gentamicin nephrotoxicity.

An herbal combination formula, known as VigRX, has been studied for purity, safety and for efficacy in a Sprague-Dawley rat model. Two separate assays determined that VigRX was free from pharmaceutical adulterants, including phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and related analogues. An in vitro assay determined that VigRX is able to inhibit the enzyme Rho-kinase, suggesting a potential mechanism of action for this product. A 2-week (14-day) study in rats demonstrated a marked enhancement in sexual behavior, including decreased intromission and ejaculation latencies, and increased intromission, ejaculation and mounting frequencies, upon oral administration of 30 mg/kg/day. A longer 12-week study using 15 mg/kg/day showed only a decrease in ejaculation latency with respect to sexual behavior. In both studies, the treatment led to increased intracavernosal pressure, increased sperm concentration, and increased width of erect penis (and an increase in erect penile length in the 14-day study only). There was a statistically significant increase in blood testosterone levels in rats at the end of the 12-week study, which did not occur in the 14-day study. A non-dose dependent decrease in kidney and liver weights was found in the 14-day study that was not seen in the 12-week study, and neither study found any notable histopathological changes in any tissues studied. In conclusion, these preliminary results demonstrate safety and efficacy of VigRx for use in supporting male erectile function, and justify further investigation in these areas.

Objective The present study was performed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of leaves of Acacia catechu (A. catechu) for its effect on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats were grouped into control (A), STZ-induced DM (B), STZ-induced DM rats with A. catechu orally of 75 mg/kg body weight (kbw) for 35 days (C), with each group having six rats (n = 6) weighing between 200 to 250 g each. Group A receives only water, orally; group B receives a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kbw intraperitoneal administration (IP); group C receives STZ IP and oral A. catechu for 35 days. On the 36th day, animals were euthanized, the kidney tissues were analyzed for biochemical parameters, such as GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), oxidative stress assessment parameters, and histopathological studies. Results In group C rats, activities of the enzymes were nearer to group A when compared with group B. Histopathological findings were also suggesting that renal toxicity were observed at a lesser extent in group C. Conclusion The ethanolic extract of A. catechu signified as nephroprotective effect. The present data could provide adequate confirmation of the efficacy of ethanolic extract of leaves of A. catechu for further experimental studies on a standardized formulation.

Objective The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Adhatoda zeylanica (EAZ) leaves on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected from a colony, divided into four groups, namely, A, B, C, and D, with each having six rats (n = 6) and each weighing between 200 and 250 g. Group A served as control and received only water per oral (p.o.). Group B, C, and D animals received a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kg body weight (kbw) intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) on day 1 and observed for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to induce DM for next 72 hours. After the DM was induced, group B served as DM control, group C received the standard drug glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kbw p.o. once daily, and group D received EAZ of 500 mg/kbw p.o. once daily for 35 days. After the observation period, the animals were euthanized, serum creatinine and blood urea, antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate, and histopathological studies were assessed to know the ameliorative effect of the test drugs. Results Renal parameters, such as serum creatinine, blood urea, antioxidants activities, in group D were nearer to the control when compared with groups B and C. Histopathological studies revealed that there was minimal renal damage in group D when compared with groups B and C. Conclusion Administration of ethanolic EAZ showed significant ameliorative effects on the FBG, biochemical, oxidative, and histopathological parameters on kidney tissues treated with STZ to induce DM.