No abstract

A self-contained, covert, medicated adhesive patch known as a transdermal patch offers a practical mode of delivery for a range of skin and body problems. Multiple drug administration has several disadvantages including inconvenient administration, the risk of overdose, lack of patient compliance, and drug plasma level fluctuations. Transdermal medication delivery has emerged as a creative means of achieving systemic drug absorption at a predefined rate over an extended period. Its primary benefits are reduced dose frequency, avoiding first-pass metabolism by entering directly into the systemic circulation, suitability for elderly patients who cannot take pharmaceuticals orally, and ability to be self-administered with fewer adverse effects. This review covers general aspects like drug absorption pathways through the skin, the kinetics of drug absorption, different factors affecting the transdermal permeability, various types of transdermal patches, their components, and evaluation parameters. Additionally, some marketed transdermal patches and therapeutic applications of transdermal drug delivery systems have been discussed. Moreover, the article includes various generations of advancements in the transdermal drug delivery system and its future aspect. Keywords- Transdermal patch, Permeability, Polymer Matrix, Rate Controlling Membrane, Permeation Enhancers.

The retention period of the drug and dosage form in the stomach is very challenging for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease. To solve this problem and improve the efficacy and bioavailability of the drug, most researchers develop a novel carrier system that is called a Floating drug delivery system (FDDS).  The goal of this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) is to synthesise contemporary material with a particular concentration on the main mechanism of flotation for stomach retention. The physiology of the stomach (including gastric pH and movement) has been shown a major effect on gastrointestinal holding period and drug delivery behaviour in both intra- and inter-subject variability. The most recent advancements in the Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) are thoroughly reviewed, including the physiological and formulation factors that influence stomach retention, design methods for single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their categorization and formulation characteristics. A synopsis of the research that has been done to determine the effectiveness and utility of floating systems, as well as uses for such systems, is also included in this review. This study covers the most recent Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) technology advances, including patented delivery techniques and commercial devices, along with their benefits and potential applications for oral controlled drug administration in the future. Keywords: Floating drug delivery system, Gastric-emptying time, Inter-digestive myoelectric cycle (IDMC), Polymers, Bioavailability, Membrane permeability.

A targeted drug delivery system is based on a technique that continuously administers a predetermined dosage of a therapeutic agent to a sick location of the body. The targeted drug delivery goal is to raise the relative amount of the treatment in the target tissues while lowering it in the non-target tissues. This technique's intrinsic benefit has been reduced drug dose and adverse effects. Drug targeting in the brain is one of the most challenging issues in pharmaceutical research because the blood-brain barrier acts as an impermeable barrier for systemically delivered therapeutics and the brain extracellular matrix contributes to the poor distribution of locally delivered drugs. In the treatment of various Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, general approaches that can improve drug delivery to the brain are of great interest. Drugs are less harmful and more effective when they are administered close to where they would be most effective. Extreme research studies have recently concentrated on the development of fresh strategies for more successfully delivering medications to the brain in response to the shortcomings of the traditional delivery mechanism. This study thoroughly explains the obstacles involved in brain-targeted drug delivery, the process of drug transfer through Blood Brain Barrier, different techniques for brain-targeted drug delivery, and some recent breakthroughs in brain-targeted drug delivery. Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, Brain-targeted, Cerebrospinal fluid, Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Convection-enhanced drug delivery.