Introduction Diabetic patients have a higher tendency of developing all infections, especially infections of the genitourinary tract. In most cases, urinary tract infections (UTI) in diabetic patients are asymptomatic. The aim of this study to was to compare the incidence and clinical and microbiological features of UTI between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods In this prospective, comparative study, the incidence and clinical and microbiological features of UTI were compared between diabetic and non-diabetic patients via consecutive nonprobability sampling technique. For every diabetic patient, one non-diabetic control was included. All patients were screened for UTI through a midstream urinary sample. Their demographic characteristics, clinical profile, and urinary microscopy were compared. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results In the diabetes group, 35/256 (13.67%) patients had culture-positive UTI as compared to 18/250 (7.2%) in the non-diabetic group. Diabetic group had twice the risk of UTI (p = 0.01; odds ratio [OR]: 2.04; confidence interval [CI]: 1.12, 3.71) and female gender in the diabetic group had a risk of almost five times (p = 0.01; OR: 4.93; CI: 1.12, 20.16) that of the non-diabetic group. In the diabetic group, 31.4% patients were asymptomatic as compared to 5.6% in the non-diabetic group (p = 0.03; OR: 7.79; CI: 0.92, 66.18). E. coli was the most commonly identified microorganism in both groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified in 14% of diabetic cases and none in the non-diabetic. Conclusions UTIs are more frequent among diabetics. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a more common entity in diabetic patients and does not require any treatment.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently a public health problem worldwide and a threat to human health and social development. The incidence rate of the disease is steadily increasing. Various genetic and environmental factors have been established as influencing the pathogenesis of this disease. However, the influence of social factors and the natural environment on DM incidence should also be considered. Low-grade inflammation could represent a central point of connection integrating all these potential triggers, being partly responsible for the development of insulin resistance. This paper aims to elaborate on the impact of the natural environment and social factors on DM development, with a special focus on six aspects of the pathogenesis of DM: pollution, radiation, psychology, drink, sleep, and exercise. We identified a two-way relationship between T2DM and social and natural environments. Changes in these environments may lead to low-grade inflammation, which in turn induces or aggravates T2DM and vice versa. Poor lifestyle may lead to increased insulin resistance and promote DM development. Improvements in blood glucose control can be achieved through non-environmental and behavioral interventions.