The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

-(Synopsis of the genus Manihot Mill. (Euphorbiaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil). Among Euphorbiaceae, the genus Manihot stands out primarily by its taxonomic complexity. It is a Neotropical genus with 98 species distributed from Texas to Argentina. In Brazil, the region of Planalto Central, especially the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás,and the state of Bahia in the Northeast region can be considered the centers of diversity forthe taxon. The aim of this study was to prepare a monograph of the genus Manihot in São Paulo State.

Abstract— A new species of Phyllanthus with phylloclades endemic to the State of Bahia is described here. Phyllanthus dracaenoides can be recognized for its peculiar habit that resembles a species of Dracaena, a very unusual height of up to 7 m, the plagiotropic phylloclades spirally arranged, and its vermiform cincinni. Notes on its habitat, taxonomic affinity, conservation status, geographic distribution, illustrations, and photographs are provided.

Two new species of Manihot endemic to the Amazon region are described here: Manihot australis and M. striata. Important diagnostic characters distinguishing the new species such as presence or absence of indumentum, form and size as well presence or absence of ribs in fruits, among other, are discussed and illustrated by line drawings and photographic plates. Information about their natural habitat and distribution is also provided.

We describe Phyllanthus chapadensis, a new phyllocladiferous species of the genus Phyllanthus probable endemic to the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás, Brazil, in the Cerrado region. This region is located in Central Brazil with a high number of endemic Angiosperms, unique landscapes, and distinct and peculiar phytophysiognomies. The species described here belongs to Phyllanthus sect. Choretropsis, a Brazilian exclusive group of plants characterized by presenting phylloclades. The new species resembles P. spartioides and P. sarothamnoides, which occur in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil, due to its upright shrubby habit, with thin and delicate phylloclades. However, it can be differentiated by the morphological characteristics of phylloclades and flowers. We present the main morphological distinctions between these species, distribution map, illustrations, flowering and fruiting seasons, and a proposal of the conservation status of the new species.