The Brazil sacrifices many dairy calves at birth, which can become a very serious problem merchandising. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the physical carcass composition and meat quality characteristics of Holstein calves in feedlot or pasture with supplementation, slaughtered at 140, 180, 220 or 260 kg body weight. In the early termination calves had on average 57 kg and 58 days of age. The confined animals were fed forage (corn) and concentrated, in the ratio of 40:60 and concentrated pasture supplemented with 1% body weight. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 4 (two feeding systems x four slaughter weights). It was observed a significant interaction between slaughter weight and finishing system only for the texture of the meat. The finished animals on pasture showed improved texture with increased weight, whereas the confined animals did not affect the weight. Animals finished on pasture had higher muscle percentage (69.48% vs 66.57%), and lower fat percentage (9.58% and 9.75 kg vs 13.20% and 13.08 kg) compared to confined animals. There was a linear increase in the total amount of muscle, bone and fat, muscle / bone ratio, compared edible portion / bone, palatability and juiciness when increased slaughter weight. The percentage of bone and meat coloring decreased linearly with the increase of slaughter weight. The proportion of muscle and fat, showed quadratic behavior. The animals of dairy breeds are excellent producers of lean meat, with good smoothness, flavor and juiciness.Index terms: Fat, tenderness, muscle, marbling, veal. RESUMOO Brasil sacrifica muitos bezerros de origem leiteira ao nascer, o que pode se tornar um problema mercadológico bastante sério. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a composição física da carcaça e as características qualitativas da carne de bezerros holandeses terminados em confinamento ou em pastagem com suplementação, abatidos aos 140; 180; 220 ou 260 kg de peso corporal. No início da terminação, os bezerros apresentavam em média 57 kg e 58 dias de idade. Os animais confinados foram alimentados com volumoso (silagem de milho) e concentrado, na proporção de 40:60 e os da pastagem suplementados com concentrado a 1% do peso corporal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4 (dois sistemas de terminação x quatro pesos de abate). Foi observada interação significativa entre peso de abate e sistema de terminação somente para a textura da carne. Os animais terminados em pastagem apresentaram melhor textura com o aumento do peso, enquanto que os animais confinados o peso não influenciou. Animais terminados a pasto apresentaram maior percentagem de músculo (69,48% contra 66,57%), menor percentagem e quantidade de gordura (9,58% e 9,75 kg contra 13,20% e 13,08 kg respectivamente) em relação aos animais do confinamento. Houve crescimento linear para a quantidade total de músculo, osso e gordura, relação músculo/osso, relação porção comestível/osso, palatabilidade e suculência qua...

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight of the empty body and non-integrant components of Holstein calves carcass, kept in confinement system or pasture, slaughtered at different weights. We used 43 Holstein calves, entire, age and initial body weight of approximately 58 days and 57 kg, distributed entirely at random in confinement or cultivated pasture. In feeding systems, it was prestipulated four slaughter weights (SW -140, 180, 220 and 260 kg of live weight). In confinement, were provided corn silage and concentrate based on corn meal and soybean meal, in the ratio 40:60. The other animals in ryegrass pasture, followed by pearl millet, were fed based in supplementation of corn bran and soybean meal to 1% of live weight. The EBW showed linear growth with increasing slaughter weight (SW), as well as income from hot and cold carcass and there was no effect in relation EBW/ SW. The leather, the scraps, the head, the legs, as well as the sum of external components showed growth in its absolute weight as the weight increased at the slaughter of animals. In relative terms, the hot and cold carcass yields were inversely correlated with the relative weights, as well as external components (-0.68 and -0.81), the heart (-0.35 and -0, 38) lungs (-0.53 and -0.53), the sum of the gastrointestinal tract (-0.75 and -0.77), the sum of vital organs (-0.71 to -0.75) respectively in feedlot and pasture. This is due to the different ages that the animals were slaughtered (200; 237; 251 and 263 days of age), due to prestipulate weights. The absolute weights of heart, kidney, lungs, liver, spleen, gall bladder, reproductive tract and gastrointestinal tract accompanied the increase in weight at animal's slaughter. However, when grouped, showed no difference related to the increase in weight at slaughter. The differences presented by the liver, trachea and spleen were sufficient to alter the absolute and relative weights of the set of internal components, where the animals finished on pasture had higher weight. The animals finished on pasture had higher absolute weights (0.48 against 1.18 kg) and relatives (0.31 and 0.79%). ResumoO objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o peso do corpo vazio (PCVZ) e os componentes não-carcaça de 43 bezerros holandeses, não castrados, com idade de 58 dias e peso médio de 60 kg, distribuídos ao acaso em confinamento ou pastagem cultivada. Em cada sistema, foram pré-estipulados quatro pesos de abate 180, 220 e 260 kg de peso vivo). No confinamento, foram fornecidos silagem de milho e concentrado à base de farelo de milho e farelo de soja, na relação 40:60. Os demais animais em pastagem cultivada de azevém e milheto, com suplementação a 1% do peso vivo. O PCVZ apresentou crescimento linear com o aumento do peso de abate, assim como os rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria e não houve efeito na relação PCVZ/PAB. O crescimento absoluto dos componentes externos foi proporcional ao aumento de peso. Em peso relativo ao PCVZ apenas a cabeça e as patas apresentaram diminuição em resposta ao ...

The use of animals from dairy farms is an alternative to meat production since it provides an increment of total income for farmers. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Holstein calves finished in two feeding systems (feedlot or pasture). Forty-three animals with 58 days old and 57 kg were divided in two treatments: 23 animals finished in feedlot with corn silage plus concentrate based on corn and soybean meal (40:60); 20 animals kept in cultivated pastures according to the period of the year: Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) with supplementation with the same feedlot-concentrate at 1% body weight. Animals were slaughtered with 200 kg. Dry matter and nutrient intake were determined, with the use of chromium oxide for estimating pasture intake. Feedlot animals had greater total intake and total digestible nutrients, resulting in higher average daily gain (0.949 vs 0.694 kg day -1 ). Crude protein intake, neutral detergent fiber and feed conversion did not show significant differences. Holstein calves have improved performance when finished in feedlot.