Avaliação de carga polínica de abelhas africanizadas forrageando em duas espécies vegetais em ambiente rural e urbano Pollen load assessment africanized honey bees foraging two plant species urban rural environment

RESUMOOs corredores ecológicos são instrumentos de gestão ambiental e territorial que visam conectar fragmentos de áreas naturais, permitindo o fluxo de genes e o movimento da biota, contribuindo para a distribuição de espécies e colonização de áreas degradadas. No Estado do Paraná, o ecossistema predominante é a Mata Atlântica, que apresenta valor ecológico comparável à Floresta Amazônica. Apesar de abrigarem uma fauna e flora ricas em espécies, a Mata Atlântica não teve a mesma atenção dedicada à Amazônia em relação à Amazônia, e a falta de ações de conservação é suprimida em cerca de 5% de sua cobertura original, que é organizada em fragmentos esparsos e desconectados. Apesar da criação do Corredor da Biodiversidade do Rio Ivaí, ainda há resistência na manutenção de áreas preservadas, principalmente por pequenos proprietários, uma vez que seriam inúteis para o plantio. Embora ainda exista uma grande diversidade de espécies animais nessa região, tornou-se necessário apresentar uma alternativa hábil para promover e valorizar a região, seu uso sustentável e desenvolvimento econômico. Nesse contexto, e considerando a importância de promover a educação ambiental com atividades de baixo impacto, a principal preocupação deste trabalho foi a disseminação da Observação de Aves, considerada um segmento do ecoturismo, que além de atuar como alternativa ao desenvolvimento econômico e sustentável, é capaz de promover a responsabilidade social e ambiental na região.

Aim: Severe anthropic actions in the landscape are, currently, the main cause of threat to species conservation. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is priority focus for conservation, due to the high degree of endemism and the pressures suffered since colonization. Despite the effort employed in studies on the impact of forest fragmentation on the fauna, understanding its effects on functional diversity is still limited. Considering that forest fragmentation it affects each organism in a different way, the relationships between species and with the environment are affected also, including human communities. So, this work aimed to identify emerging fragilities of the transformations on the biological systems through the modifications of the landscapes, on the avifauna of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Location: Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Methods: The purpose of the research was achieved through the analysis of the species data available on the database GBIF, with the calculation of functional diversity (FD) for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and models of species extinction included in global red list (IUCN). Results: The high values of functional diversity are concentrated in the Brazilian Southeast region, coinciding with the location of the largest and most connected Conservation Units and of lesser intensity of the forest fragmentation process. However, the functional loss caused by the extinction of vulnerable species is distributed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Evidencing that the functional diversity of birds presents great spatial clustering, while functional vulnerability is widespread throughout the biome. Main conclusions: The results demonstrate that forest fragmentation acts as an ecological filter, directly affecting habitat specialist species and reducing the functional diversity in forest communities. Key words: forest birds, functional traits, conservations, landscape analysis, biological system, forest communities, Conservation Areas, modified landscape, anthropization, habitat patches.

Species communication systems are sensitive to habitat and act as indicators of anthropogenic environmental degradation, as they function as an early warning of the effects of fragmentation on avifauna in short periods. In this way, the study of vocal patterns helps in understanding geographic variations and cultural evolution of populations. In this study we evaluated 270 recordings of three species belonging to the genus Arremon, which occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Arremon flavirostris, Arremon semitorquatus and Arremon taciturnus; with the aim of identifying changes in vocal characteristics between populations of the same species and verifying the relationship with the type of matrix surrounding the forest fragment. We found significant intraspecific differences in the vocal parameters of the three analyzed species. Thus, this study contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of the Arremon complex and provides information about the diversity of vocal signals of Brazilian species.