We detected a high prevalence (12.5%) of novel avian coronaviruses in aquatic wild birds. Phylogenetic analyses of these coronaviruses suggest that there is a diversity of gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses circulating in birds. Gammacoronaviruses were found predominantly in Anseriformes birds, whereas deltacoronaviruses could be detected in Ciconiiformes, Pelecaniformes, and Anseriformes birds in this study. We observed that there are frequent interspecies transmissions of gammacoronaviruses between duck species. In contrast, deltacoronaviruses may have more stringent host specificities. Our analysis of these avian viral and host mitochondrial DNA sequences also suggests that some, but not all, coronaviruses may have coevolved with birds from the same order.Coronaviruses are important pathogens of birds and mammals, including humans, and are previously classified into 3 genera. Alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses are found in mammals, whereas gammacoronaviruses are detected primarily in birds. Surveillance of coronaviruses in wild mammals has led to the discovery of a significant number of novel alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses in bats (18,23,27). In contrast, relatively little is known about the biology of avian coronaviruses in wildlife. Gough and colleagues identified a parrot coronavirus that is genetically distinct from alpha-, beta-, and gammacoronaviruses in 2006 (10). Additional novel coronaviruses that are genetically similar to the parrot coro-* Corresponding author. Mailing address for J. S. M. Peiris:

dUsing a pan-astrovirus reverse transcription-PCR assay, a great diversity of novel avastroviruses was detected from wild bird and poultry samples. Two groups of astroviruses detected from wild birds are genetically related or highly similar to previously known viruses in poultry. Most interestingly, a novel group of astroviruses was detected in wild aquatic birds. Our results also reveal that different groups of astroviruses might have difference host ranges. This study has expanded our understanding regarding avastrovirus ecology.

Findings suggest that North American white-tailed deer commonly harbor cryptic infection with the only known New World mammalian Plasmodium.

Isoflurane and sevoflurane administration resulted in smooth, rapid induction of and recovery from anesthesia similar to other species. Isoflurane administration resulted in tachycardia, hypertension, and more arrhythmias, compared with sevoflurane. Sevoflurane was associated with fewer adverse effects and may be particularly beneficial in compromised bald eagles.