Diabetes has become a global health problem, and the habits of the population in recent decades have strongly contributed to the current scenario. This disease has been challenging scientists to improve the efficacy of and adherence to available treatment options, with fewer side effects. Many types of research are being conducted to develop orally delivered drug formulas with greater bioavailability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with oral insulin nanocapsules in hyperglycemic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats, aged 2 months, with an average weight of 300 g, were divided into 4 groups of 15 animals each. All animals received a conventional diet ad libitum, and hyperglycemia was induced through intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. The present study demonstrated that oral insulin administered through nanocapsules contributed to the decrease in serum triglyceride levels in hyperglycemic animals and promoted a significant hypoglycemic effect in relation to those who received only empty nanocapsules. In addition, significant morphological changes in the intestinal epithelium were observed. Despite the findings in this study, more research is necessary to understand the effects of oral insulin on metabolism and intestinal epithelium.

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