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Background: Cancer cervix is fourth most common cancer in world second most common in India. The objective of the study is to identify abnormal pap smear cytology in women undergoing the test.Methods: This retrospective study conducted in 200 women attending gynae OPD of Military Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya, India between January 2016 to December 2017. Pap smear test was done, and classification was done as per Bethesda system 2014.Results: 105 women had normal cytology findings and 23 had abnormal cytology.Conclusions: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer for which screening is done. If pap smear is done every 3 years as per the guidelines mortality due to cervical cancer can be reduced. Every woman should undergo pap test at least once in her life before the age of 45 years. Timely screening of preinvasive lesion allows prevention from invasive cervical cancer.

While maternal mental health strongly influences neurodevelopment and health in the offspring, little is known about the determinants of inter-individual variation in the mental health of mothers. Likewise, the in utero biological pathways by which variation in maternal mental health affects offspring development remain to be defined. Previous studies implicate lipids, consistent with a known influence on cognitive and emotional function, but the relevance for maternal mental health and offspring neurodevelopment is unclear. This study characterizes the placental and circulatory lipids in antenatal depression, as well as socio-emotional outcomes in the offspring. Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry covering 470 lipid species was performed on placenta from 186 women with low (n = 70) or high (n = 116) levels of antenatal depressive symptoms assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 26 weeks’ gestation. Child socio-emotional outcomes were assessed from the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) at 48 months. Seventeen placental lipid species showed an inverse association with antenatal EPDS scores. Specifically, lower levels of phospholipids containing LC-PUFAs: omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Additional measurement of LC-PUFA in antenatal plasma samples at mid-gestation confirmed the reduced circulation of these specific fatty acids in mothers. Reduced concentration of the placental phospholipids also predicted poorer socio-emotional outcomes in the offspring. This study provides new insights into the role of the materno-fetal lipid cross-talk as a mechanism linking maternal mental health to that of the offspring. These findings show the potential utility of nutritional approaches among pregnant women with depressive symptoms to reduce offspring risk for later socio-emotional problems.

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