Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reported dysphagia and associated pneumonia risk among patients with stroke in India. Method: We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary outcome of interest was dysphagia and pneumonia among patients with stroke in India. Two review authors independently assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and extracted related data. Meta-analysis was performed for frequency of dysphagia, associated pneumonia, and its relative risk using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was computed using the I 2 index. Results: A total of 3,644 titles were screened, and only eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Based on data from these studies, we calculated the pooled prevalence of dysphagia (47.71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] [20.49%, 70.92%], p < .001) and pneumonia (20.43%; 95% CI [10.73%, 30.14%], p < .001) for patients with stroke in India. We found that the relative risks of pneumonia in patients with stroke and dysphagia versus those patients with stroke and no dysphagia was 9.41 (95% CI [5.60, 15.80], p < .001). Data on length of hospital stay and rates of mortality secondary to pneumonia are also presented. Conclusions: Despite the high incidence of dysphagia and associated pneumonia, the methodological quality of studies is fair and there is little research focused on epidemiological data. We call to arms to those SLPs working with patients with stroke in India to become proactive in both clinical practice and research domains. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17701022

Purpose: Numerous follow-up appointments are required to program a cochlear implant (CI) sound processor and monitor the patient's progress over time, particularly within the first year of implantation. This, coupled with the specialty nature of CI service delivery and sparsely located clinics, can pose burdens on recipients' time and access to necessary resources for consistent follow-up. Advances in the application of telepractice for CI service delivery have evolved and expanded over recent years, with further utilization spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in late 2019. This review article provides a summary of telepractice applications for adult and pediatric CI processor programming, impedance, and electrically evoked compound action potential testing, speech-perception testing, evaluations of patient and clinician experiences, troubleshooting, and aural rehabilitation for CI recipients. Future directions and opportunities for further implementation of telepractice for CI service delivery are discussed. Conclusions: Studies to date suggest that telepractice can be reliably used for remote sound processor programming for both children and adults, impedance and evoked compound action potential measures, speech-perception testing in adult CI users, and self-monitoring. However, further technological advancements are needed to make remote speech-perception testing more easily implemented, and well-controlled studies are needed to better evaluate the efficacies of aural rehabilitation through teletherapy, particularly for children.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) provide evidence as how diabetes can bring about changes in the peripheral nervous system. Cervical VEMP (cVEMP) evaluates the function and integrity of the sacullo- collic pathway and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) evaluates the utriculo-collic pathway. cVEMP is an ipsilateral inhibitory response of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. cVEMP is recorded at higher intensity above 80-85 dBnHL with biphasic waveforms having initial peak positivity P13 followed by a negativity N23. We performed a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate cVEMP in diabetes mellitus. The search was conducted in the databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and Cochrane library using the keywords "diabetes mellitus" and "vestibular evoked myogenic potential" or "cVEMP." A two-phase selection process was used for the final inclusion of studies, and the methodological quality of these studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale (NCOS). Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. For comparisons between DM and healthy controls, a significant difference was observed for cVEMP amplitude (<i>P</i> &#61; 0.01). Our meta-analysis's results suggest peripheral vestibular dysfunction can be observed in DM. It appears that cVEMPs may be useful in the early detection of neuropathy in DM.