Water is the main source of life. The natural aquatic resources are the major habitat for a large group ofindividuals including nonchordates to chordates. As water are the most abundantly available and occupying2/3 of the Earth and required by all kinds of life. Therefore, quality of water is of vital concern for mankindsince it is directly linked with living beings in term of habitat, sustainability, economy and human welfare.The current study is designed to work out the quality characteristics and their oscillations in physico-chemicalattributes of river Yamuna water in the district Bhaghpat, Uttar Pradesh, India. The investigation wasconducted during July, 2019 to June, 2021 and the sample was analysed in the Bioanalytical Laboratory,Department of Biotechnology, MM (DU), Mullana-Ambala (HR), India. The effects of monthly and seasonalpossible attributes including discharge of industrial effluents and natural calamities for the spatialfluctuations in the hydrobiological parameters of river Yamuna water was assessed through the advancednumerical tools. The monthly physicochemical attributes showed the seasonality biased trends during thestudy. The mean value ± SE of water temperature (oC), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), alkalinity (mg/l), acidity(mg/l) and hardness (mg/l) was recorded as 23.7±1.3 oC, 4.2±0.22 mg/l, 100.09±4.8 mg/l, 44.55±4.38 mg/l and 550.8±30.3 mg/l respectively during July 2019 to June, 2020. However, the physicochemical attributesduring July 2020 to June, 2021 reflected augmented trends for water temperature (24.2±1.27 oC), dissolvedoxygen (5.1±0.16 mg/l), alkalinity (103.95±5.25 mg/l). On the contrary, acidity (39.92±2.63 mg/l) andhardness (522.48±39.82 mg/l) recorded decline. The observation reflected the requirement of urgent andsystematic management strategies to overcome these invisible scarce and conserve the natural quality ofthese water resources.

Organic acids are the important compounds that have found numerous applications in various industries. Oxalic acid is one of the important organic acids with different industrial applications. Different microbes have been reported as important sources of various organic acids. Majority of studies have been carried on fungal sources for oxalic acid production. Aspergillus sp. has been found efficient oxalic acid producer. Microbial productions of metabolites including organic acids are considered cost effective and eco-friendly approach over chemical synthesis. Fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid seems to be a good alternative as compared to chemical methods. Microbial production of oxalic acid still requires the extensive and elaborated research for its commercial production from efficient microbes using cost effective substrates. The present text summarizes the production of oxalic acid, its applications and recent developments in the direction of fermentative production of microbial oxalic acid.