Universities, industries and government are major institutions and play an important role in local economic growth and development. They often work collectively in achieving these goals. While the role of institutions in economic development is well-founded in the literature, a university's strategic role as an institution to encourage local area development is only now being recognized. The existing literature recognizes the spillover effect of mainly university research on local industrial productivity and innovations at the national level. The impact of various university activities on numerous other local economic development indicators like per capita income, poverty, school enrollments etc., at county level has not been attempted. That is, the impact of a university on the local economic development beyond industry research and development and the interaction between the major institutions in this context-namely, university, local business, local community and government remains unexplored. The identification of these interactions have the potential to guide policy makers in devising economic policies and formulating budgetary plans. To extend the existing literature, this research develops a static general equilibrium model of the local economy to assess the impact of diverse activities of West Virginia University, using the holistic approach suggested by Hoffman and Hill (2009) and other existing literature. The analysis is based on the county level data of West Virginia for 55 counties over the period of seven years from 2001-2007. The study controls for other influencing factors on economic development like community, industry and government. Based on previous studies, the analysis identifies spatial dependence as a factor of university spillovers to local areas. Thus, the study uses both spatial and non-spatial models for analysis. The non-spatial models employed consist of Least Square Dummy Variable regression (LSDV), Fixed Effects Panel Regression and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) Panel Fixed Effects Model. Following Elhorst's (2010) testing procedure, the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is employed for spatial analysis. The results are interpreted for policy analysis considering the limitations of the model and the available data. The results find positive university spillover on the economic development indicators: Per Capita Income, Poverty, Public School Enrollment, Patents, Industrial Wages and Earnings. The empirical models estimated in this study identify the various channels through which a university impacts the local economy. The study concludes, the impact of West Virginia University has a significant influence on all the economic development parameters measured in this analysis. This positive stimulus will be larger with greater industrial collaborations in terms of research. Furthermore, broader government support in terms of grants for high-tech research and development and providing a positive economic environment for fortifying industrial connections will result in sustainable eco...

Background: The issue of childbirth, stimulation of labor is very important for successful childbirth and the birth of healthy babies. Obstetricians play main role in providing and rising Maternal and Child Health (MCH) care facilities. One amongst the goal of MCH care is safe delivery with smart feto-maternal outcome. The hormone plays vital role to cut back rates of caesarean birth once used for management of dystocia. Interventions with oxytocin particularly at high doses would lead to adverse effects on fetal heart rate and uterine tachsystole which occurs due to reduction in blood flow during contraction in intervillousspaces. The purpose of use of oxytocin is for physiological birth and for successful delivery practices. For augmentation of labour hormone regimens are low-dose (1-3 milli units/min) and high dose (4-7 milli units/min). Studies have shown high-dose of hormone causes hyperstimulation to womb. It's been mentioned that there's decrease in induction to delivery time at meta-analysis. Augmentation of labour is that the method of accelerating the frequency of contractions to facilitate a labour. The principal methodology for achieving augmentation of labour varies in the use and approach. Oxytocin is widely used for each induction and augmentation of labour. Interventions with oxytocin particularly at high doses would lead to adverse effects on fetal heart rate and uterine tachsystole which occurs due to reduction in blood flow during contraction in intervillous spaces. The purpose of use of oxytocin is for physiological birth and for successful delivery practices. These results reinforce the need to reflect on a change in care during delivery. Thus,this will help health care professional for better understanding on use and its effect during labour which will help in proper decision making for augmentation of labour.

This is a case report of a single patient who had two episodes of obstetric hemorrhages, first in the puerperium and second one post medical termination of pregnancy for which the patient had to be managed by uterine artery embolization (UAE). This is a rare case in which this interventional radiological procedure proved life-saving twice in her obstetric history.A 29-year-old woman with an obstetric history of para two and living two (P2L2), presented with a complaint of per-vaginum (p/v) spotting with a history of recent intake of pills for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP). Retained products of conception (RPOC) were ruled out radiologically and she was managed conservatively. She subsequently presented with acute uterine bleed with severe anemia and lethargy. After initial resuscitation and failing of conservative therapy, she was promptly taken up for bilateral UAE. She had also undergone UAE 5 years ago during her puerperal period.Uterine artery embolization is a safe and effective life-saving procedure to control torrential uterine bleed and should be considered when the conservative approach has failed.