This study looked at the relationship between the four factors of transformational leadership – charisma, inspirational leadership, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration – and the leader’s preference for unethical behavior. Five ethical scenarios – bribery, endangering the physical environment, lying, personal gain, and favoritism – were studied using a sample of 100 pairs of managers and subordinates from four multinational organizations in India. Relationships between the leader’s ethical preferences and three outcomes – followers’ willingness to put in extra effort, perceived effectiveness, and satisfaction – were also analyzed. Findings indicate that inspirational leadership is negatively related to the leader’s preference for bribery and favoritism, and intellectual stimulation is negatively related to preference for bribery. Charisma and individualized consideration are not related to the leader’s ethical preferences. Followers’ willingness to put in extra effort is also negatively related to the leader’s preference for bribery and favoritism. Results also suggest that organizational culture might moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and ethics.

Natural Calamity is a bitter truth from which no one can escape. So many deaths, diseases, economic and social loss are few results of natural calamity. Disaster risk is on the rise all the way through the world. The economic losses and the number of people who have been affected by natural calamities have increased significantly over the past decades than the population growth, which slows down the economic growth of the affected country. The physical, social, particularly the emotional aspect and economic losses caused by these disasters are particularly more expensive for developing countries. To minimize the damages caused by disasters, various efforts have been taken by government, society, NGO's and international communities. Despite highest disaster preparedness by Japanese Government, on March 11, 2013, northeastern part of Japan has been severely devastated by magnitude 9 earthquake followed by tsunami (called Tohoku Earthquake) which killed 25,000 people, 50,000 people missing and made 250000 people homeless and preliminary loss of lives and properties worth of $310 billion dollars. The severity of the disaster was beyond imagination which caused such big damage of valuable lives and properties. Even as horrific disaster that struck Japan continues to linger in our minds, one cannot but wonder what would happen if a similar disaster were to strike India? For this reason, community should be more conscious about disaster prevention culture and mitigation. They should be involved in post disaster recovery and reconstruction process for facing the future disasters and mitigate it. Japan Government's initiative and commitment to mobilize local and international community to minimize the damage and loss from Disaster is highly commendable. Japanese experience of disaster management and mitigation and community involvement in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake had been proven most successful. Now days, India is also facing such consequences very frequently. Japanese lessons can be helpful to India to overcome with this challenging and vulnerable situation. In this paper we examined the major disaster phenomenon in Japan and India, a comparative study of disaster management system of Japan and India, techniques of community mobilization in Japan for successful implementation of disaster preparedness planning and recovery from post disaster situations. We would like to replicate some experience; we gained from Japan to our country and recommend some suggestions on effective community mobilization in India.

PurposeThere has been a great deal of exploratory, conceptual and empirical research on digital financial literacy (DFL) in the fields of finance, economics, business and management. But up until now, there has not been any attempt to provide a thorough scientific mapping of the area. Therefore, by combining various knowledge systems, this study seeks to identify the current research trend.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 158 papers was subjected to bibliometric analysis in the areas of DFL or digital finance. Assembling, organising and evaluating are the three phases that make up the bibliometric analysis process derived from the most dependable and genuine sources, the Scopus database, and the Web of Science (WoS) database. This study was done using a scientific search technique on the Scopus and WoS databases for the years 2015 through 2022. The study made use of Biblioshiny, a web-based tool created in R-studio and part of the Bibliometrix package. Prominent journals, authors, nations, articles and themes were identified with the use of the software's automated workflow. “Citation, co-citation, and social network analysis” were also carried out.FindingsThe study' outcomes indicate that, as an interdisciplinary discipline, the themes of digital finance have changed throughout time. Researchers first concentrated on socioeconomic and demographic variables, but over time the subject expanded to include themes like influencing, promoting, and behavioural factors that affect digital financial literacy (DFL). This research shows the conceptual framework of the area in addition to its intellectual and social structure. This study offers crucial insights into subjects that demand more research.Research limitations/implicationsSince the current study is a bibliometric analysis, the usual restrictions on such studies apply. A meta-analysis, a thorough literature review and other methods would be beneficial for future researchers to develop a solid conceptual framework. This current research work's science mapping is restricted to the Scopus and WoS databases because this research includes more high-quality articles and has organised formats that work with the Bibliometrix application.Practical implicationsPresent research provides critical insights into saving behaviour, retirement planning, digital finance and the interdependence of these. This research highlights the most prevalent problems in the field and points in the direction of potential areas for further study. Exposing the social and intellectual structure of the domain educates upcoming scholars about the themes, contexts and opportunities for collaboration in this field.Social implicationsThe study will be useful for future learning as the study gives broad exposure to the current literature in the field of digital finance. On the other hand, people will also grow aware of the effects of digital finance and make the proper choices as a result. Additionally, the report might offer crucial insights for developing policies on digital finance and literacy.Originality/valueIn the past, a significant number of conceptual and empirical studies were conducted internationally in the research fields of economics, finance, business, management and consumer behaviour. This research makes a significant addition by bringing together disparate literature in the field, highlighting reliable sources, authors and documents, and examining the relationship between digital finance, saving behaviour and retirement planning.

Aim/objectives: To examine the impact small and medium enterprises have on employment generation in Kaduna state, Nigeria and devise new ways in boosting employment generation by enterprises. Methods/Statistical analysis: Primary data is utilised with the help of a questionnaire; a survey is carried out from 5 selected SMEs having a sample size of 1,000 respondents with 200 respondents in each of the 5 selected SMEs. The variables in concerned were analysed using the Kaiser Varimax Rotation for factor analysis to show the correlation and level of significance exhibited. The SPSS software version 20 was used for this purpose. Findings: Findings in the study showed that there are disparities in the employment generation trends among the selected SMEs which are as a result of inequity in finance, policy discontinuity, insecurity, lack of awareness, ineffective market linkages, among others. The correlation matrix shows that the variables are seen to correlate at the minimum significance level thus proving our hypothesis of how significant the impact SMEs have on employment generation. Also the extraction values of all the variables are quite high indicating that they are good extraction values and as the acceptable cumulative % value is 60%, our eight variables used have been reduced to four factors which explain our total variance at a cumulative % of 69%; this clearly shown that 69% of the variance is explained by four (4) distinct factors. The result however showed that all the variables exhibit good relationship among each other which also implies that they have great impact on employment generation as their factor loading is very high. Novelty/Applications: Findings in the study will fill the gap in the literature of employment generation by small and medium enterprises and its outcome will pave way in facilitating new models in bolstering employment generation.

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