No abstract

Background: Immunization plays an important role of child survival programmes all over the world. Recent data revealed that there are approximately 34 million children are not completely immunized and about 98% are residing in developing countries. The aims and objectives were to assess the immunization coverage and various socio-demographic factors affecting the immunization in urban slum areas of Lucknow.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at urban slums of Lucknow region. The target study population was of children aged 0-6 years. The immunization status data of the child was collected and analysed.Results: Majority (79.8%) of children were in the age group of 16-23 months. Majority (79.4%) of children were completely immunized, while 20.6% were partially immunized. Significant association was found between educational status of mother and socioeconomic status of family with immunization status of children.Conclusions: There was significant association was found between educational status of mother and socioeconomic status of family with immunization status of children. We observed in present study that there are some pockets in slum areas where immunization to children are very poor.

Background: Tobacco abuse is one of the biggest curses that modern society has come across. It is not confined to any one country or region alone, but has widely afflicted the globe. The most susceptible time for initiating use of tobacco in India is adolescence and early adulthood, ages 15-24 years while some start as young as 10 years.Approximately 55,500 adolescent start using tobacco every day in India, joining the 7.7 million young people under the age of 15 who already use tobacco on a regular basis.Methods: It is a community based cross-sectional study conducted among school going adolescent boys of urban field practice area of medical college during July to September 2017. Data was collected through pretested semi-structured self -administered questionnaire given to students by the investigators. Data collected were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 17 software.Results: The prevalence of ever use of tobacco was 17.5% among school going adolescent boys in urban field practice area. In the present study it was observed that 174 (95.1%) adolescent boys had knowledge regarding hazards of tobacco. 110 adolescents (60.1%) had knowledge that passive smoking was harmful.Conclusions: The study suggests that the prevalence of tobacco consumption was high among school going adolescent boys in urban field practice area of medical college. The knowledge of students regarding harmful effects of tobacco was not adequate. Attitude and practice regarding tobacco consumption is also not satisfactory.

Background: The health of the mother and child constitutes one of the most serious health problems affecting the community, particularly in the developing countries like India. Promotion of maternal and child health has been one of the most important aspects. But any program, however, relevant its components were likely to fail unless it succeeds in improving the knowledge and achieving satisfaction of its respondent. Client satisfaction has traditionally been linked to the quality of services given and the extent to which specific needs were met. The objective of the study was to determine the level of satisfaction and correlated factor among mothers visiting primary health care institutions for maternal care services.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on 384 women attending 19 urban health post located in Meerut.Results: In present study 76.0% MCH respondent belong to lower socioeconomic class, 46.4% MCH respondent were 6-12th class pass, 33.1% MCH respondent belong to SC/ST category. Satisfaction with behavior of staff was significant associated with socioeconomic class, educational qualification and religion of respondent. Satisfaction with cleanliness is significantly associated with socioeconomic status, type of family, education and caste of client. Satisfaction with availability of drug is significantly associated with socioeconomic status, education, category and religion of respondent. Satisfaction with behavior of doctor is significantly associated with type of family, education and category of respondent.Conclusions: In present study, we observed that satisfaction of MCH respondents were closely related to the services provided at MCH center and with the behavior of health care providers.

Background: Depressive disorders were the second leading cause of years lost due to disability in 2010 after low back pain and leading cause of disability adjusted life years (WHO 2010). Gestational depression may lead to low birth weight, premature births etc. Housing and family are important aspects of one daily life which if are unsatisfactory can increase stress level of its members. Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study is to see the relationship of housing and family with depression among pregnant women. Material & Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study of 220 pregnant women in 10 randomly selected villages of Chiraigaon, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during one year period; using predesigned, pretested and semi structured interview schedule for assessing housing and family conditions. Results: Depression was found to be more in women living in kutcha house, nuclear family and illiterate husband, husband as head of family and belonging to lower socio-economic status. Increasing number of female child also increases depression. Conclusion: Housing structure, education of husband, socio-economic status and number of daughters should be assessed in every pregnant woman as these affect depressive state of pregnant women which can adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy.