Background: Whether working at physical workplaces or from the seeming safety of home, women employees continue to be hounded by sexual harassment. During COVID-19, sexual harassment has taken on a cyber avatar and continues to enjoy the protections afforded by ambiguity and inept implementation. Objectives: The study explores how media reported cyber sexual harassment (CSH) during a 1-year period after COVID-19 in India. It explores the dominant discourses evident in such media reports, such as the ways in which CSH is manifested, psychosocial factors behind the same, action taken (if any), and organizational practices. Method: The present study involved content analysis of electronic print media content (newspapers and magazines) published in India, in the English language, between the period March 2020 and February 2021. A final pool of 24 articles was purposively arrived at through an Internet-based search, which was classified as news story, editorial, opinion piece, interview, column, and other. Content analysis of the articles was carried out to uncover the main themes. Within these themes, the researchers carried out open coding to identify subthemes. Results: Six broad themes emerged from the articles: manifestations of CSH, causes of CSH, outcomes of CSH, action taken by the victim, organizational practices, and barriers in seeking redressal. Manifestations included inappropriate behavior by boss/colleagues during meeting (30.6%), social media harassment (22.6%), video calls/meeting/work at odd hours (17.7%), inappropriate attire (14.5%), sexist behavior and comments (8.1%), and inappropriate jokes (6.2%). Some of the causes reported for CSH were blurring of personal and professional boundaries, lack of guidelines regarding virtual workplaces, job uncertainty, and notions of patriarchy. Only 29.2% articles highlighted any action(s) taken by the victim. Some of the barriers in seeking redressal were reported to be lack of awareness and/or clear guidelines, fear about the repercussions, difficulty in proving CSH, daunting appellate process, lack of privacy with family members around, and patriarchal culture. Conclusion: The study reiterates the need for clear and consistent communication on CSH, both in organizations and through the media. It is imperative not only to revive and modify the existing policies on CSH but also to implement them effectively. In the “new normal,” organizations need to formulate responses that are multilevel, swift, and coordinated across stakeholders, policymakers, technology specialists, and social scientists.
The present study aimed at understanding the anticipated impact of legalising marriage equality for LGBTQIA+ individuals on societal and mental health outcomes in India. A mixed-methods approach to inquiry was used, with quantitative and qualitative data collected through convenience sampling in an online survey. A total of 5825 individuals from different geographical regions across India participated in the study. The age group of respondents ranged from less than 18 to more than 60 years of age. Quantitative analysis of survey questions revealed that more than 85% of participants agreed that the decriminalisation of homosexuality via Section 377 improved mental health outcomes for LGBTQIA+ people, that legalisation of marriage will improve mental health outcomes in LGBTQIA youth and families, and that legalisation would reduce mental health related distress in youth. Thematic analysis of qualitative data highlighted changes at both individual and social levels. Improvement in mental health difficulties due to reduced stigma and discrimination, and increase in acceptance and freedom of expression, legal safety and equal rights were discussed, with direct implications on improved mental health and an anticipated decrease in anxiety, depression, and death by suicide suggested. This is the first study, in our awareness, from India to incorporate the perspectives of such a large population of individuals in the discourse on LGBTQIA+ supportive legislations and its reciprocal impact on the health of the state, society and individual. The study has implications on legal policy centering LGBTQIA+ couples’ experiences to further mental health outcomes and facilitate changes in attitudes around same sex relationships in India.
A significant milestone in the landscape of Education in India was arrived at with the coming of The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (Ministry of Law and Justice, 2009
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