INTRODUCTIONMesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal tumours with a prevalence of 1:100.000 in adults and 1:20.000 in children [1,2] . They are usually benign and asymptomatic, but occasionally can present with various, non-specific symptoms. Due to the rarity of this entity and the lack of specific symptoms, correct pre-operative diagnosis is most often difficult. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. This can be accomplished by laparotomy or by minimally invasive surgery. We present a case of mesenteric cyst that was managed laparoscopically.

Introduction: Sex determination is a significant criterion in identification, and when all bones of the diseased skeleton are present, sex determination becomes slightly easy. Craniometric features can be used to aid in identifying an individual from a skull found detached from its skeleton. Foramen magnum (FM) dimensions tend to stabilize after the second decade of life and the reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images can provide reliable measurement of these dimensions. Aim: Estimation of FM in gender determination using CT scanning. Objective: To study the vagueness and reliability of the FM in gender classification through the use of reconstructed helical CT images. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients (20 males and 20 females; age range, 20 to 49 years) were selected for this study. The FM measurements (sagittal, transverse, circumference, and area) were obtained from reformatted axial sections using helical CT scan. The FM sagittal diameter, FM transverse diameter, FM circumference, and the FM area were measured. Head width and circumference were also measured. Results: Multivariate analysis showed 89.7% of FM dimensions of males and 71.8% of FM dimensions of females were gendered correctly.

Introduction: Gallstone is a very common disease condition and affects 10-20% of the adults in the developed countries and 20% of the patients present with acute calculous cholecystitis. 1 One of the severe complications is gangrenous cholecystitis, which can occur in as high as 40% 2,3 of patients with acute cholecystitis, and perforation of gallbladder (GB) in 2-18%. 4 Gangrenous cholecystitis is defined as necrosis and perforation of the GB wall as a result of ischemia following progressive vascular insufficiency and is a severe complication of cholelithiasis. Factors such as male sex, advanced age, delay in seeking treatment, leukocytosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus increase the likelihood of developing gangrenous cholecystitis and carry a significantly higher mortality rate between 15% and 50%. 5 Hence, early diagnosis and immediate intervention are required in these cases. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gangrenous cholecystitis carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Hence, safer treatment modalities such as laparoscopic cholecystostomy help the patient to recover from the critical illness and the definitive procedure can be performed at a later, safer period. Case description: Six patients with gangrenous cholecystitis, i.e., five females and one male, underwent laparoscopic cholecystostomy. All the patients recovered from sepsis, and no complication was reported during or after the procedure and were discharged after a stay of 5-7 days. All the patients underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy after 10-12 weeks and are doing well at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Cholecystectomy in gangrenous cholecystitis carries high risk of morbidity and mortality. In this setting, laparoscopic cholecystostomy is a safe and reliable procedure to recover the patient from the acute sepsis and proceed with elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a later date.

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