Resilient economic urbanisation growth in Tanzania signifies national increasing trend of solid waste generation that necessitates proper management. About 50% of Tanzanians suffer from intestinal schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths resulting from haphazard solid waste disposal. Various efforts to address solid waste management in Tanzania include establishment of public private partnership and major reforms in policy and regulatory frameworks. Despite these efforts, 60% of waste generated is mismanaged and normally disposed in illegal places along roadsides, sewage canals, and reserved open spaces. Cornerstone of proper solid waste management lies on separation of the waste at source. It is recommended that ‘the smart garbage collection bin' be adopted at community collection points and charging higher prices for generators who do not separate the waste.

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In 2010 World Health Organization estimated that three people per minute die prematurely in Sub-Saharan Africa from diseases attributable to Indoor Air Pollution (IAP). About 95% of Tanzanians still use biomass cooking fuels (BCF) which is the main source of IAP. Promotion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was done since mid-2000s to substitute BCF. However, the use of LPG accounts for only 7.2% of Tanzanians to date. Therefore this paper examined factors influencing use of LPG in Temeke municipality-Dares -Salaam. Data were collected from 160 respondents using questionnaires and analysed by using Probit regression model. Results revealed that education level of a household head, household income and time saved for cooking had significant effect on use of LPG at a probability level of P<0.1. The probability of using LPG increased by 3.4% with an increase of one more year of education for household heads attaining formal education. Moreover, the probability of using LPGs increased by 11% among household heads whose monthly income increased by 1million Tanzanian Shillings (USD 409). Surprisingly, the probability of using LPG decreased by 0.2% as households saved an additional minute compared to using biomass fuels. It is recommended that the government, private sector and development partners promote LPG use through awareness creation; incorporating LPG use in education and energy policy and conducting research on 'value engineering of LPG cooking facilities' to reduce costs for users.

In Tanzania only 40% of solid wastes in urbanized areas are collected and transported to the dumping sites. The remaining 60% are illegally disposed along road sides, sewage canals and reserved open spaces that contribute to floods and breeding of rodent vectors that eventually spread diseases such as intestinal schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths. Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been adopted to address Solid Waste Management (SWM) in various countries and yielded robust results. However the PPP model has not been effective for Tanzania since its initiation in 1995. Therefore this paper examined factors influencing performance of PPPs in SWM at Kinondoni municipality. A cross sectional survey was employed to collect data that was analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression model. Findings showed that poor monitoring and evaluation practices influenced poor performance of PPP in SWM. Moreover, low capacity of the contracted companies, limited accessibility of residential areas and weak enforcement of laws and regulations governing solid waste management had negative influence at 0.05 significant levels. The study recommends the system should establish regular plan in combination with imprompt monitoring to eliminate the effect of possible falsified compliance. Furthermore, the municipal council has to improve town settlements to access the households easily for SWM. Lastly research on end use products of the waste should look at the technical, economic viability of the waste markets for the products processed from the waste for mitigating public health risks associated with SWM.