Depression and anxiety disorders are a serious and increasingly commonly diagnosed problem at present. The problem applies not only to adults but also, increasingly often, to children and adolescents as well. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has further compounded the issue. There are still relatively few publications that show that quarantine and social isolation have a negative effect on the psychological well-being of children and adolescents. Above all, the situation applies to children and adolescents with pre-existing predispositions and to individuals suffering from mental disorders. The key factor in this situation seems to be putting the needs of young people first so that they can safely return to school. It is also important to provide them with effective treatment strategies and methods with which to deal with this stressful and potentially traumatic situation. Most of the mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic has been conducted in Asia and Europe, where the disease first spread. This article presents an overview of the results of the latest Polish and international studies on the increase in depression and anxiety disorders among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. It concludes with recommendations regarding mental health support for young people, and further directions for treatment are suggested.

Purpose: Limbic encephalitis is a clinical syndrome of various aetiologies: viral (the most often herpes simplex virus), associated with autoimmune diseases as well as a paraneoplastic syndrome (most commonly in the case of small cell lung carcinoma). This disease was first described by English neurologists and neuropathologists in 1960. Case description: The case provided below shows a 46-year-old female suffering from autoimmune limbic encephalitis with anti-NMDAR antibodies (anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies) in the course of paraneoplastic syndrome, which was linked with ovarian tumour, i.e. teratocarcinoma mature (teratoma adultum ovaris). Considering previously unknown primary cancer, correct laboratory tests, imaging results and many psychopathological symptoms, the initial diagnosis was correlated with mental disorders. Soon, the symptoms of respiratory distress appeared in the deteriorating mental condition of the patient. Therefore, sedation and mechanical ventilation were necessary to implement. Comment: Quick verification of diagnosis, active neurological and oncological examinations and causal treatment led to full recovery of the patient. Key words: limbic encephalitis, anti-NMDAR antibodies, paraneoplastic syndrome. StreszczenieCel: Limbiczne zapalenie mózgu to zespół objawów kliniczno-patologicznych o różnorodnej etiologii: wirusowej (najczęściej wirus opryszczki pospolitej), autoimmunologicznej, a także o charakterze zespołu paranowotworowego (najczęściej w przebiegu raka drobnokomórkowego płuc). Po raz pierwszy ta jednostka chorobowa została opisana przez angielskich neurologów i neuropatologów w 1960 r. Opis przypadku: W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 46-letniej pacjentki z autoimmunologicznym limbicznym zapaleniem mózgu z przeciwciałami anty-NMDAR (anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) w przebiegu zespołu paranowotworowego, który był związany z guzem jajnika -potworniakiem dojrzałym (łac. teratoma adultum ovarii). Przy obecności nasilonych objawów psychiatrycznych oraz w większości prawidłowych wyników badań laboratoryjnych i obrazowych początkowo rozpoznanie wiązano z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. W krótkim czasie do pogarszającego się stanu psychicznego dołączyły objawy niewydolności oddechowej. Konieczne było zastosowanie sedacji i mechanicznej wentylacji chorej. Komentarz: Szybka weryfikacja rozpoznania, aktywna diagnostyka neurologiczna i onkologiczna oraz wdrożenie leczenia przyczynowego pozwoliły na pełny powrót pacjentki do zdrowia. Słowa kluczowe: limbiczne zapalenie mózgu, przeciwciała anty-NMDAR, zespół paranowotworowy.

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