Background: Procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) is often present during osteoblast development and could be a biomarker of early bone development. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) may protect tumor cells from apoptosis. Cytochrome P450 enzymes help tumor development and treatment (CYPs). Cytochrome P450 activates and deactivates anticancer drugs and procarcinogens. Objective: The study examined the amounts of a diagnostic marker of bone formation, the amino terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and P450, in prostate cancer patients at different stages and its ability to detect osteoblastic metastases. Methods: ELISA was used to measure PINP, OPG, and P450 levels in 30 prostate cancer patients. (n = 32) and healthy men’s serum (n = 36). Results: Prostate cancer patients had higher blood levels of PINP, OPG, and P450 than healthy persons (301.3±134.9, 980±467.2, and 84.2±28.4 pg/mL, respectively). Compared to I+II prostate cancer patients, III+IV patients showed higher serum PINP, OPG, and P450 levels (P 0.001). OPG, P450, and PINP had statistically significant Area under the ROC curve (0.9467, P= 0.0001, 0.91, P= 0.0001, and 0.6977, P= 0.4035) in prostate cancer patients. Conclusions: Metastatic prostate cancer patients had greater PINP, OPG, and P450 levels, according to our findings. PINP, OPG, and P450 levels may affect prostate cancer progression. These findings imply that serum PINP, OPG, and P450 levels may predict and diagnose prostate cancer.

Background: Free radicals have been shown to be involved in the etiology of degenerative diseases, and medical conditions such as heart disease, cancer and ageing. Various biochemical markers are indicators of pathological state in both thalassimia and leukemia. Increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant factors play a key role in the pathogensis of both diseases. High ROS production has been associated with significant decrease in antioxidant defense mechanisms leading to protein, lipid and DNA damage. Aim:To conduct comparative analysis of MDA and as a marker of oxidative stress in patients with β-thalassimia and leukemia. Materials and methods:This research work was conducted on a total number of 95 subjects in which 20 were control participants and 75 patients (35males and 40 females) mean age (59. 2 ± 3.5 years) The levels of serum lipids, MDA, total Sialic acid, catalase and total protein, were measured in all participants.Results: In both groups of patients β-thalassimia and leukemia Serum MDA and total Sialic acid levels were significantly higher when compared to the controls (p<0.001). The results showed significant decrease (p<0.001) in Catalase activity of thalassemic and leukemic patients in comparing with healthy control group. No significant differences were observed in the comparison of total protein levels between patients' group and healthy control group. Conclusion:Oxidative stress is involved in pathogensis of of thalassemia and leukemia, as evident from elevated malondialdehyde levels and decreased catalase activity. Elevated levels of sialic acid andtotal proteins suggest the role of glycoproteins in carcinogenesis proceses.