The knockdown of Pim-1 or inhibition of Pim-1 activity significantly increased c-H2A.X expression. The effect was correlated to apoptosis and was attributed to the inhibition of nonhomologous DNA-end-joining (NHEJ) repair activity supported by the following observations: (1) inhibition of ATM and DNA-PKcs activities, (2) down-regulation of Ku expression and nuclear localization and (3) decrease of DNA end-binding of both Ku70 and Ku80. The data suggest that Pim-1 plays a crucial role in the regula-tion of NHEJ repair. In the absence of Pim-1, the ability of DNA repair significantly decreases when exposed to paclitaxel, leading to severe DNA damage and apoptosis.

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This paper proposes the systematic integration of dual-been applied to three-level inverter modulation to reduce random and reduced common-mode pulse-width modulation acoustic noise emission and mechanical vibration in ac motor (PWM) techniques for controlling the popularly adopted three-drives. Other presented strategies unique to multilevel inverter level neutral-point-clamped inverter. Dual-random modulation modulation include the different reduced common-mode intelligently combines the unique spread spectral merits of (RCM) switching schemes reported in [3, 4]. These schemes random switching frequency and random pulse placement to can only be used for odd-level inverters (including the threeachieve a better distribution of harmonic energy over a specified level NPC), and are suitable for use in ac motor drives where frequency range without affecting the fundamental voltage common-mode voltage is known to cause premature bearing component, while reduced common-mode modulation nearly failure and other electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems.eliminates the inverter generated common-mode voltage. The integration of both techniques therefore results in a system with In common, the aforementioned PWM schemes are usually the desired spread spectrum needed for reducing the emitted presented as standalone developments with no consideration acoustic noise, electromagnetic interference, and other electrical given to their intelligent integration to combine their individual and mechanical complications of an inverter-fed ac motor drives, performance merits. Integration issues and the resolving of For efficient implementation using a digital signal processor with associated complications are now addressed in this paper embedded PWMV peripheral, the paper examines in particular through the collective integration of dual-random (random appropriate switching range selection, digital sampling switching frequency (RSF) and random pulse placement phenomena, equivalent null vector placement, carrier-based (RPP)) and RCM PWM techniques for controlling a NPC PWM formulation and digital reduced common-mode logic inverter. As a systematic development, the paper begins by mapping, which have not been collectively analyzed in the designing a ssicalR dulormenth the effertbegmsnby literature. Simulation and experimental results are presented to designing a classical RSF modulator with the effects of random validate the theoretical modulation concepts developed in the signal attributes on the inverter output harmonic distribution paper. discussed using intuitiVe concepts. The paper then proceeds to integrate RPP technique to achieve further harmonic energy Keywords-Neutral-point-clamped inverter; common mode dispersion with emphases placed on the optimal placement of voltage; random pulse-width-modulation; spread spectrum. equivalent null states to achieve better randomization and the development of appropriate triplen offset needed for carrier-