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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been successfully used for the alleviation of pain and inflammation in the past and continue to be used daily by millions of patients worldwide. However, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity associated with NSAIDs is an important medical and socioeconomic problem. Local generation of various reactive oxygen species plays a significant role in the formation of gastric ulceration associated with NSAIDs therapy. Co-medication of antioxidants along with NSAIDs has been found to be beneficial in the prevention of GI injury. This paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of N-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-methylamino-substituted-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory analgesic agents with lower GI toxicity. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the test compounds decreased GI toxicity.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease of polygenic origin and involves both defective insulin secretion and peripheral insulin resistance. Studies have shown that post-meal hyperglycemic spikes are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes. Over the past decade, a major interest in control of postprandial glucose excursion has emerged and a plethora of new medications that specifically target postprandial hyperglycemia were discovered. Despite the availability of new agents for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, oral sulfonylureas remain a cornerstone of therapy, because they are relatively inexpensive and are well tolerated. However, hypoglycemia is a major safety concern with sulfonylureas and it is one major risk factor requiring hospitalization. Glipizide is a potent, rapid-acting with short duration of action and well tolerated second-generation sulfonylurea effective in reducing postprandial glucose levels. However, risk of postprandial hypoglycemia and post-meal glucose excursions, if dose missed before meal; are always associated with the use of glipizide for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since, the site of absorption of glipizide is from stomach thus dosage forms that are retained in stomach by mucoadhesion; would increase absorption, improve drug efficiency and decrease dose requirements. Microsphere carrier systems made by using polymer galactomannan having strong mucoadhesive properties and easily biodegradable could be an attractive strategy to formulate. The purpose of this research work is to formulate galactomannan coated mucoadhesive microspheres of glipizide and systematically evaluate its in vitro characteristics and in vivo performance for sustained glucose lowering effect and improvement in diabetic condition as compared to immediate release of glipizide.

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For the past few decades, there has been a major investigate intrigues among the zone of medicate conveyance utilizing particulate conveyance frame works as carriers for the limited and expansive particles. Particulate frameworks like nanoparticles are utilizing as a physical approach to alter and move forward the pharmacological medicine and pharmacodynamics properties of various forms of sedate atoms. Nanoparticles area unit characterized as a particles with a breadth littler than 100nm, area unit increasingly utilize in many applications, count medicate framework and to pass organ obstructions like the blood brain barrier. Nano crystals and alternative nanoparticles are obtaining a parcel of thought for potential utilize in medicine, and medicine sedate revelation. The use of engineering science and prescription drugs and additional significantly sedate connivance is ready to unfold quickly. Right away various substances area unit at a lower place examination for sedate provides. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Types, Method of Preparation, Evaluation, Applications.