Indian enterprises have succeeded in climbing the ladder of outward M&A transactions and out performing everyone's expectations post 1990s. This paper aims to recalibrate the empirical literature of India's outbound M&A by considering the impact of host market size, appreciation in home currency, India's trade openness and liberalization policies. This study attempts to examine the impact of the host market size, home international reserves and trade openness along with home currency appreciation on the volume of the outbound M&A by Indian firms, using augmented autoregressive distributed lag (augmented ARDL) bounds testing approach. Findings reveal that appreciation of Indian rupee and liberal norms towards trade, i.e. import and export both will inevitably benefit or push the Indian firms to acquire foreign firms overseas, in the short term as well as over the long term. This paper makes an effort to identify and describe the significant factors influencing the outbound M&A deals by Indian firms in the recent years, which were previously proved relevant for group of emerging economies at large.
Indian enterprises have succeeded in climbing the ladder of outward M&A transactions and out-performing everyone's expectations post 1990s. This paper aims to recalibrate the empirical literature of India's outbound M&A by considering the impact of home country macroeconomics variables from 1990 to 2019. Bivariate regression and quantile regression approach is used to examine the impact of selected macroeconomic factors on outward M&A deal volume. The study found that the selected macroeconomic variables gross domestic product, population, exports, imports, interest rates, international reserves, human capital, trade openness, patents, exchange rate and per capita GDP influences the deal volume especially at high percentiles. The home country companies prefer to invest overseas specially when macroeconomic indicators change at high level. The empirical analysis of this paper provides policy makers a better understanding of determinants of outbound M&A transactions by Indian firms, to formulate push policies to encourage the same.
Green marketing is growing at a rapid pace and has become the latest buzzword for the society, where firms are putting extra efforts for a greener world, while adopting latest and innovative production methodology. On the other hand, consumers are equally interested in switching brands or even paying a premium for a greener alternative with a view of indulging in a healthy and safe lifestyle. This study would emphasis on environmental marketing strategies, its sustainability as well as the 4 components of green marketing mix. This paper would highlight the nature of environmental marketing, how imperative it is to produce and sell green products, which initiates a step towards saving our nature with its benefits, while also discussing its inhibitors related to eco-marketing. Nevertheless, this research would analyse the importance and need of green marketing for growing Indian companies, deducing from the fact that not only customers are changing their buying preferences but multinational organizations are also taking mammoth steps to produce green products or services in order to protect depletion of ozone layer.
KEYWORDS: green marketing, sustainability, green products, green consumers, eco-marketing
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