ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most important blood grouping systems from clinical aspect. Determination of blood group is important for blood transfusion therapy, medico-legal purposes, organ transplantation, settlement of paternity disputes etc. Nearly 25 types of blood groups are present. ABO incompatibility between mother and fetus may produce infertility or hemolytic disease of the new born, and persons of certain blood groups have an increased susceptibility to peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the concepts and origin of ABO and other blood groups systems and Chemistry of Blood group specificity (Glycoproteins found in body fluids).

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The present study was aimed to compare occupational stress between female academic staff working in private and public universities. The sampling frame for the study comprised 1523 full-time female academic staff working at both public and private universities at Khartoum State. Gumaa Said Yousif (2004) was used to measure occupational stress. There is no significant difference in occupational stress between female academic staff who works in private or public university. There is a significant difference between female academic staff working in public and private universities. It has been concluded that female academic staff working in private universities are vulnerable to burnout in the emotional exhaustion dimension.

CONTEXTRecent reports show high amount of academic stress among the students and chronic stress is shown to have a negative effect on cognitive functioning and learning of students. AIMSThe purpose of study was to determine the prevalence of self-perceived stress among dental students and to observe any possible association between the levels of stress and (a) academic year, (b) motivation to study dental science, (c) medium of study at 10+2 level, (d) mother tongue, (e) presence of perceived physical problems. SETTINGS AND DESIGNThe entire dental students in the five academic years of the Mamata Dental College were selected for the study. The study was cross-sectional in design. METHODS AND MATERIALWe used the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress instrument (K10) to assess the psychological stress along with a semi-structured questionnaire for the socio-demographic details. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USEDDescriptive statistics were used for summarizing the study and outcome variables. Pearson's chi-square test was used to see for the association between a categorical outcome and different study variables. P value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTSResults show the association between the psychological stress and the category of admission to the course. We also found an association between the students who perceived physical problems as a source of stress and the level of stress. CONCLUSIONSOur study shows significant association between two study variables and the psychological stress score. First one is the perception of physical problem as source of stress and the second outcome variable was the category of admission to the dental course.