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Abstract. In this study an attempt was made to prepare mucoadhesive microcapsules of gliclazide using various mucoadhesive polymers designed for oral controlled release. Gliclazide microcapsules were prepared using sodium alginate and mucoadhesive polymer such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium CMC), carbopol 934P or hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) by orifice-ionic gelation method. The microcapsules were evaluated for surface morphology and particle shape by scanning electron microscope. Microcapsules were also evaluated for their microencapsulation efficiency, in vitro wash-off mucoadhesion test, in vitro drug release and in vivo study. The microcapsules were discrete, spherical and free flowing. The microencapsulation efficiency was in the range of 65-80% and microcapsules exhibited good mucoadhesive property in the in vitro wash off test. The percentage of microcapsules adhering to tissue at pH 7.4 after 6 h varied from 12-32%, whereas the percentage of microcapsules adhering to tissue at pH 1.2 after 6 h varied from 35-68%. The drug release was also found to be slow and extended for more than 16 h. In vivo testing of the mucoadhesive microcapsules in diabetic albino rats demonstrated significant antidiabetic effect of gliclazide. The hypoglycemic effect obtained by mucoadhesive microcapsules was for more than 16 h whereas gliclazide produced an antidiabetic effect for only 10 h suggesting that mucoadhesive microcapsules are a valuable system for the long term delivery of gliclazide.

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Solid lipid nanoparticles are one of the developed technologies for addressing the bioavailability and targeting issues of drug delivery. In this review article, we attempted to incorporate all the essential details of SLNs like various methods of preparation, different models of SLNs, updated characterization methods, in-vivo behavior (Uptake), their applications, route of administration as well as advancements taken place in the field of delivery of biological drugs like gene vector, new adjuvant for vaccines, protein, and peptide with SLNs. Surface modified SLNs hold excellent potential for targeted and controlled drug delivery which is discussed and summarized. Based on the available data, the future success of SLNs is widened because they could be easily fabricated with various functionalities which would display enormous potential for targeting and diagnosing various diseases. This review would help the budding researchers to find out the unexplored areas of SLNs with the present discussion that reframes the potential of SLNs by gathering the various research findings of SLNs in tabular form along with the approved patent technologies of SLNs.

In the present study, a Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to statistically optimize the formulation parameters of chitosan phthalate and chitosan succinate microspheres preparation. These microspheres can be useful for oral insulin delivery system. The effects of three parameters namely polymer concentration, stirring speed and cross linking agent were studied. The fitted mathematical model allowed us to plot response surfaces curves and to determine optimal preparation conditions. Results clearly indicated that the crosslinking agent was the main factor influencing the insulin loading and releasing. The in vitro results indicated that chitosan succinate microspheres need high amount of crosslinking agent to control initial burst release compared to chitosan phthalate microspheres. The reason may be attributed that chitosan succinate is more hydrophilic than chitosan phthalate. The relative pharmacological efficacy for chitosan phthalate and chitosan succinate microspheres (18.66 +/- 3.84%, 16.24 +/- 4%) was almost three-fold higher than the efficacy of the oral insulin administration (4.68 +/- 1.52%). These findings suggest that these microspheres are promising carrier for oral insulin delivery system.